Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of <i>Copaifera reticulata,</i> Chlorophylls, and <i>k-</i>Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical Healing
Chronic wound healing represents an impactful financial burden on healthcare systems. In this context, the use of natural products as an alternative therapy reduces costs and maintains effectiveness. Phytotherapeutic gels applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed to act as topical he...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/12/2580 |
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| author | Katieli da Silva Souza Campanholi Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior Renato Sonchini Gonçalves Mariana Carla de Oliveira Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza Angela Tiago Leite Leandro Herculano da Silva Luis Carlos Malacarne Marcos Luciano Bruschi Leandro Dalcin Castilha Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos Wilker Caetano |
| author_facet | Katieli da Silva Souza Campanholi Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior Renato Sonchini Gonçalves Mariana Carla de Oliveira Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza Angela Tiago Leite Leandro Herculano da Silva Luis Carlos Malacarne Marcos Luciano Bruschi Leandro Dalcin Castilha Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos Wilker Caetano |
| author_sort | Katieli da Silva Souza Campanholi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic wound healing represents an impactful financial burden on healthcare systems. In this context, the use of natural products as an alternative therapy reduces costs and maintains effectiveness. Phytotherapeutic gels applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed to act as topical healing medicines and antibiotics. The bioactive system is composed of <i>Spirulina</i> sp. (source of chlorophylls) and <i>Copaifera reticulata</i> oil microdroplets, both incorporated into a polymeric blend constituted by <i>kappa-</i>carrageenan (<i>k-</i>car) and F127 copolymer, constituting a system in which all components are bioactive agents. The flow behavior and viscoelasticity of the formulations were investigated. The photodynamic activity was accessed from studies of the inactivation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteria, the main pathogen of hospital relevance. Furthermore, in vivo studies were conducted using eighteen rabbits with dermatitis (grade III and IV) in both paws. The gels showed significant antibiotic potential in vitro, eliminating up to 100% of <i>S. aureus</i> colonies in the presence or absence of light. The <i>k-</i>car reduced 41% of the viable cells; however, its benefits were enhanced by adding chlorophyll and copaiba oil. The animals treated with the phytotherapeutic medicine showed a reduction in lesion size, with healing and re-epithelialization verified in the histological analyses. The animals submitted to PDT displayed noticeable improvement, indicating this therapy’s viability for ulcerative and infected wounds. This behavior was not observed in the iodine control treatment, which worsened the animals’ condition. Therefore, gel formulations were a viable alternative for future pharmaceutical applications, aiming at topical healing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:58:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e2ff4a4ca9b4f25ae009e61f990f569 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:58:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e2ff4a4ca9b4f25ae009e61f990f5692023-11-24T17:18:24ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-11-011412258010.3390/pharmaceutics14122580Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of <i>Copaifera reticulata,</i> Chlorophylls, and <i>k-</i>Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical HealingKatieli da Silva Souza Campanholi0Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior1Renato Sonchini Gonçalves2Mariana Carla de Oliveira3Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza4Angela Tiago Leite5Leandro Herculano da Silva6Luis Carlos Malacarne7Marcos Luciano Bruschi8Leandro Dalcin Castilha9Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos10Wilker Caetano11Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilChemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilLaboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, BrazilLaboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilLaboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilDepartment of Physics, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Medianeira, 85884-000, PR, BrazilPhysics Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilLaboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilChemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilChronic wound healing represents an impactful financial burden on healthcare systems. In this context, the use of natural products as an alternative therapy reduces costs and maintains effectiveness. Phytotherapeutic gels applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed to act as topical healing medicines and antibiotics. The bioactive system is composed of <i>Spirulina</i> sp. (source of chlorophylls) and <i>Copaifera reticulata</i> oil microdroplets, both incorporated into a polymeric blend constituted by <i>kappa-</i>carrageenan (<i>k-</i>car) and F127 copolymer, constituting a system in which all components are bioactive agents. The flow behavior and viscoelasticity of the formulations were investigated. The photodynamic activity was accessed from studies of the inactivation of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteria, the main pathogen of hospital relevance. Furthermore, in vivo studies were conducted using eighteen rabbits with dermatitis (grade III and IV) in both paws. The gels showed significant antibiotic potential in vitro, eliminating up to 100% of <i>S. aureus</i> colonies in the presence or absence of light. The <i>k-</i>car reduced 41% of the viable cells; however, its benefits were enhanced by adding chlorophyll and copaiba oil. The animals treated with the phytotherapeutic medicine showed a reduction in lesion size, with healing and re-epithelialization verified in the histological analyses. The animals submitted to PDT displayed noticeable improvement, indicating this therapy’s viability for ulcerative and infected wounds. This behavior was not observed in the iodine control treatment, which worsened the animals’ condition. Therefore, gel formulations were a viable alternative for future pharmaceutical applications, aiming at topical healing.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/12/2580photodynamic therapywoundhealingchlorophyllscarrageenancopaiba oil-resin |
| spellingShingle | Katieli da Silva Souza Campanholi Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior Renato Sonchini Gonçalves Mariana Carla de Oliveira Magali Soares dos Santos Pozza Angela Tiago Leite Leandro Herculano da Silva Luis Carlos Malacarne Marcos Luciano Bruschi Leandro Dalcin Castilha Tatiana Carlesso dos Santos Wilker Caetano Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of <i>Copaifera reticulata,</i> Chlorophylls, and <i>k-</i>Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical Healing Pharmaceutics photodynamic therapy wound healing chlorophylls carrageenan copaiba oil-resin |
| title | Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of <i>Copaifera reticulata,</i> Chlorophylls, and <i>k-</i>Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical Healing |
| title_full | Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of <i>Copaifera reticulata,</i> Chlorophylls, and <i>k-</i>Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical Healing |
| title_fullStr | Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of <i>Copaifera reticulata,</i> Chlorophylls, and <i>k-</i>Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical Healing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of <i>Copaifera reticulata,</i> Chlorophylls, and <i>k-</i>Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical Healing |
| title_short | Photo-Phytotherapeutic Gel Composed of <i>Copaifera reticulata,</i> Chlorophylls, and <i>k-</i>Carrageenan: A New Perspective for Topical Healing |
| title_sort | photo phytotherapeutic gel composed of i copaifera reticulata i chlorophylls and i k i carrageenan a new perspective for topical healing |
| topic | photodynamic therapy wound healing chlorophylls carrageenan copaiba oil-resin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/12/2580 |
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