The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Cortical Plasticity
Despite the fact that there is a growing awareness to the callosal connections between hemispheres the two hemispheres of the brain are commonly treated as independent structures when peripheral or cortical manipulations are applied to one of them. The contralateral hemisphere is often used as a wit...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.631328/full |
| _version_ | 1818887851077533696 |
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| author | Jan Antoni Jablonka Robert Binkowski Marcin Kazmierczak Maria Sadowska Władysław Sredniawa Władysław Sredniawa Władysław Sredniawa Aleksandra Szlachcic Paulina Urban Paulina Urban |
| author_facet | Jan Antoni Jablonka Robert Binkowski Marcin Kazmierczak Maria Sadowska Władysław Sredniawa Władysław Sredniawa Władysław Sredniawa Aleksandra Szlachcic Paulina Urban Paulina Urban |
| author_sort | Jan Antoni Jablonka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite the fact that there is a growing awareness to the callosal connections between hemispheres the two hemispheres of the brain are commonly treated as independent structures when peripheral or cortical manipulations are applied to one of them. The contralateral hemisphere is often used as a within-animal control of plastic changes induced onto the other side of the brain. This ensures uniform conditions for producing experimental and control data, but it may overlook possible interhemispheric interactions. In this paper we provide, for the first time, direct proof that cortical, experience-dependent plasticity is not a unilateral, independent process. We mapped metabolic brain activity in rats with 2-[14C] deoxyglucose (2DG) following experience-dependent plasticity induction after a month of unilateral (left), partial whiskers deprivation (only row B was left). This resulted in ∼45% widening of the cortical sensory representation of the spared whiskers in the right, contralateral barrel field (BF). We show that the width of 2DG visualized representation is less than 20% when only contralateral stimulation of the spared row of whiskers is applied in immobilized animals. This means that cortical map remodeling, which is induced by experience-dependent plasticity mechanisms, depends partially on the contralateral hemisphere. The response, which is observed by 2DG brain mapping in the partially deprived BF after standard synchronous bilateral whiskers stimulation, is therefore the outcome of at least two separately activated plasticity mechanisms. A focus on the integrated nature of cortical plasticity, which is the outcome of the emergent interactions between deprived and non-deprived areas in both hemispheres may have important implications for learning and rehabilitation. There is also a clear implication that there is nothing like “control hemisphere” since any plastic changes in one hemisphere have to have influence on functioning of the opposite one. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T16:43:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e32cf35afa4472e85fdc0abc8210ac2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T16:43:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e32cf35afa4472e85fdc0abc8210ac22022-12-21T20:13:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2021-07-011510.3389/fnins.2021.631328631328The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Cortical PlasticityJan Antoni Jablonka0Robert Binkowski1Marcin Kazmierczak2Maria Sadowska3Władysław Sredniawa4Władysław Sredniawa5Władysław Sredniawa6Aleksandra Szlachcic7Paulina Urban8Paulina Urban9Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United StatesFaculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandNencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandCollege of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandCollege of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandDespite the fact that there is a growing awareness to the callosal connections between hemispheres the two hemispheres of the brain are commonly treated as independent structures when peripheral or cortical manipulations are applied to one of them. The contralateral hemisphere is often used as a within-animal control of plastic changes induced onto the other side of the brain. This ensures uniform conditions for producing experimental and control data, but it may overlook possible interhemispheric interactions. In this paper we provide, for the first time, direct proof that cortical, experience-dependent plasticity is not a unilateral, independent process. We mapped metabolic brain activity in rats with 2-[14C] deoxyglucose (2DG) following experience-dependent plasticity induction after a month of unilateral (left), partial whiskers deprivation (only row B was left). This resulted in ∼45% widening of the cortical sensory representation of the spared whiskers in the right, contralateral barrel field (BF). We show that the width of 2DG visualized representation is less than 20% when only contralateral stimulation of the spared row of whiskers is applied in immobilized animals. This means that cortical map remodeling, which is induced by experience-dependent plasticity mechanisms, depends partially on the contralateral hemisphere. The response, which is observed by 2DG brain mapping in the partially deprived BF after standard synchronous bilateral whiskers stimulation, is therefore the outcome of at least two separately activated plasticity mechanisms. A focus on the integrated nature of cortical plasticity, which is the outcome of the emergent interactions between deprived and non-deprived areas in both hemispheres may have important implications for learning and rehabilitation. There is also a clear implication that there is nothing like “control hemisphere” since any plastic changes in one hemisphere have to have influence on functioning of the opposite one.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.631328/fullcortical plasticitybarrel field2DG2-deoxy-D-glucoseinterhemispheric |
| spellingShingle | Jan Antoni Jablonka Robert Binkowski Marcin Kazmierczak Maria Sadowska Władysław Sredniawa Władysław Sredniawa Władysław Sredniawa Aleksandra Szlachcic Paulina Urban Paulina Urban The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Cortical Plasticity Frontiers in Neuroscience cortical plasticity barrel field 2DG 2-deoxy-D-glucose interhemispheric |
| title | The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Cortical Plasticity |
| title_full | The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Cortical Plasticity |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Cortical Plasticity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Cortical Plasticity |
| title_short | The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Cortical Plasticity |
| title_sort | role of interhemispheric interactions in cortical plasticity |
| topic | cortical plasticity barrel field 2DG 2-deoxy-D-glucose interhemispheric |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2021.631328/full |
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