Simulating City-Bus On-Road Operation With VECTO
Heavy-duty vehicles constitute a significant contributor to road CO2 emissions, despite accounting for only a low share of the vehicle fleet. CO2 Emissions certification and monitoring are performed using vehicle simulation software designed for the purpose (VECTO). The European Union currently regu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmech.2019.00058/full |
| _version_ | 1819315436921028608 |
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| author | Nikiforos Zacharof Nikiforos Zacharof Orkun Özener Muammer Özkan Abdullah Kilicaslan Georgios Fontaras |
| author_facet | Nikiforos Zacharof Nikiforos Zacharof Orkun Özener Muammer Özkan Abdullah Kilicaslan Georgios Fontaras |
| author_sort | Nikiforos Zacharof |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy-duty vehicles constitute a significant contributor to road CO2 emissions, despite accounting for only a low share of the vehicle fleet. CO2 Emissions certification and monitoring are performed using vehicle simulation software designed for the purpose (VECTO). The European Union currently regulates rigid truck and tractor-trailer CO2 emissions and subsequently will proceed to buses and other heavy-duty vehicle categories. The current study investigated the use of VECTO on a city bus by modeling the on-road operating conditions of a vehicle in an urban route in Istanbul. The simulation results for constant auxiliary load showed a difference with the on-road measurements in the range of −1.6 to 3.2%, depending on the direction of the route. The difference was attributed to the influence of the total elevation change, and the use of auxiliaries. The latter comprise a significant part of energy consumption in buses, and for this reason, VECTO includes a dedicated bus auxiliary module. The use of the module was also explored, and it was found to improve the results in some cases. The findings highlight the need to assess the operation of auxiliary components in city buses accurately, and to consider the provision of more precise, auxiliary-component specific, information when running actual real-world CO2 simulations of these vehicles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T10:00:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e34a97719424dd68e0f01791f1492b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-3079 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T10:00:05Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e34a97719424dd68e0f01791f1492b82022-12-21T17:01:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering2297-30792019-09-01510.3389/fmech.2019.00058474126Simulating City-Bus On-Road Operation With VECTONikiforos Zacharof0Nikiforos Zacharof1Orkun Özener2Muammer Özkan3Abdullah Kilicaslan4Georgios Fontaras5Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceSeidor Consulting S.L., Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, TurkeyJoint Research Centre of European Commission, Ispra, ItalyHeavy-duty vehicles constitute a significant contributor to road CO2 emissions, despite accounting for only a low share of the vehicle fleet. CO2 Emissions certification and monitoring are performed using vehicle simulation software designed for the purpose (VECTO). The European Union currently regulates rigid truck and tractor-trailer CO2 emissions and subsequently will proceed to buses and other heavy-duty vehicle categories. The current study investigated the use of VECTO on a city bus by modeling the on-road operating conditions of a vehicle in an urban route in Istanbul. The simulation results for constant auxiliary load showed a difference with the on-road measurements in the range of −1.6 to 3.2%, depending on the direction of the route. The difference was attributed to the influence of the total elevation change, and the use of auxiliaries. The latter comprise a significant part of energy consumption in buses, and for this reason, VECTO includes a dedicated bus auxiliary module. The use of the module was also explored, and it was found to improve the results in some cases. The findings highlight the need to assess the operation of auxiliary components in city buses accurately, and to consider the provision of more precise, auxiliary-component specific, information when running actual real-world CO2 simulations of these vehicles.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmech.2019.00058/fullcity-busheavy duty vehicleon-road CO2VECTOauxiliaries |
| spellingShingle | Nikiforos Zacharof Nikiforos Zacharof Orkun Özener Muammer Özkan Abdullah Kilicaslan Georgios Fontaras Simulating City-Bus On-Road Operation With VECTO Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering city-bus heavy duty vehicle on-road CO2 VECTO auxiliaries |
| title | Simulating City-Bus On-Road Operation With VECTO |
| title_full | Simulating City-Bus On-Road Operation With VECTO |
| title_fullStr | Simulating City-Bus On-Road Operation With VECTO |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulating City-Bus On-Road Operation With VECTO |
| title_short | Simulating City-Bus On-Road Operation With VECTO |
| title_sort | simulating city bus on road operation with vecto |
| topic | city-bus heavy duty vehicle on-road CO2 VECTO auxiliaries |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmech.2019.00058/full |
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