Neural Control of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Skin Papillae for Cuttlefish Camouflage
Summary: The color and pattern changing abilities of octopus, squid, and cuttlefish via chromatophore neuro-muscular organs are unparalleled. Cuttlefish and octopuses also have a unique muscular hydrostat system in their skin. When this system is expressed, dermal bumps called papillae disrupt body...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2018-03-01
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| Series: | iScience |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004218300014 |
| _version_ | 1811302226037047296 |
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| author | Paloma T. Gonzalez-Bellido Alexia T. Scaros Roger T. Hanlon Trevor J. Wardill |
| author_facet | Paloma T. Gonzalez-Bellido Alexia T. Scaros Roger T. Hanlon Trevor J. Wardill |
| author_sort | Paloma T. Gonzalez-Bellido |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: The color and pattern changing abilities of octopus, squid, and cuttlefish via chromatophore neuro-muscular organs are unparalleled. Cuttlefish and octopuses also have a unique muscular hydrostat system in their skin. When this system is expressed, dermal bumps called papillae disrupt body shape and imitate the fine texture of surrounding objects, yet the control system is unknown. Here we report for papillae: (1) the motoneurons and the neurotransmitters that control activation and relaxation, (2) a physiologically fast expression and retraction system, and (3) a complex of smooth and striated muscles that enables long-term expression of papillae through sustained tension in the absence of neural input. The neural circuits controlling acute shape-shifting skin papillae in cuttlefish show homology to the iridescence circuits in squids. The sustained tension in papillary muscles for long-term camouflage utilizes muscle heterogeneity and points toward the existence of a “catch-like” mechanism that would reduce the necessary energy expenditure. : Animal Physiology; Neuroanatomy; Evolutionary Biology Subject Areas: Animal Physiology, Neuroanatomy, Evolutionary Biology |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:24:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e398798656f42a98790a6ddfca65196 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2589-0042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:24:14Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iScience |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e398798656f42a98790a6ddfca651962022-12-22T02:56:32ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422018-03-0112434Neural Control of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Skin Papillae for Cuttlefish CamouflagePaloma T. Gonzalez-Bellido0Alexia T. Scaros1Roger T. Hanlon2Trevor J. Wardill3Marine Biological Laboratory, MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UKMarine Biological Laboratory, MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, CanadaMarine Biological Laboratory, MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USAMarine Biological Laboratory, MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA; Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; Corresponding authorSummary: The color and pattern changing abilities of octopus, squid, and cuttlefish via chromatophore neuro-muscular organs are unparalleled. Cuttlefish and octopuses also have a unique muscular hydrostat system in their skin. When this system is expressed, dermal bumps called papillae disrupt body shape and imitate the fine texture of surrounding objects, yet the control system is unknown. Here we report for papillae: (1) the motoneurons and the neurotransmitters that control activation and relaxation, (2) a physiologically fast expression and retraction system, and (3) a complex of smooth and striated muscles that enables long-term expression of papillae through sustained tension in the absence of neural input. The neural circuits controlling acute shape-shifting skin papillae in cuttlefish show homology to the iridescence circuits in squids. The sustained tension in papillary muscles for long-term camouflage utilizes muscle heterogeneity and points toward the existence of a “catch-like” mechanism that would reduce the necessary energy expenditure. : Animal Physiology; Neuroanatomy; Evolutionary Biology Subject Areas: Animal Physiology, Neuroanatomy, Evolutionary Biologyhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004218300014 |
| spellingShingle | Paloma T. Gonzalez-Bellido Alexia T. Scaros Roger T. Hanlon Trevor J. Wardill Neural Control of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Skin Papillae for Cuttlefish Camouflage iScience |
| title | Neural Control of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Skin Papillae for Cuttlefish Camouflage |
| title_full | Neural Control of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Skin Papillae for Cuttlefish Camouflage |
| title_fullStr | Neural Control of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Skin Papillae for Cuttlefish Camouflage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neural Control of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Skin Papillae for Cuttlefish Camouflage |
| title_short | Neural Control of Dynamic 3-Dimensional Skin Papillae for Cuttlefish Camouflage |
| title_sort | neural control of dynamic 3 dimensional skin papillae for cuttlefish camouflage |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004218300014 |
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