A Stand-Off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System Applicable for Martian Rocks Studies
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a valuable tool for evaluating the geochemical characteristics of Martian rocks and was applied in the Tianwen-1 Mars exploration mission with the payload called Mars Surface Composition Detection Package (MarSCoDe). In this work, we developed a laborat...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4773 |
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| author | Changqing Liu Zongcheng Ling Jiang Zhang Zhongchen Wu Hongchun Bai Yiheng Liu |
| author_facet | Changqing Liu Zongcheng Ling Jiang Zhang Zhongchen Wu Hongchun Bai Yiheng Liu |
| author_sort | Changqing Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a valuable tool for evaluating the geochemical characteristics of Martian rocks and was applied in the Tianwen-1 Mars exploration mission with the payload called Mars Surface Composition Detection Package (MarSCoDe). In this work, we developed a laboratory standoff LIBS system combined with a Martian simulation chamber to examine the geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks, with the intention to provide a reference and a basis for the analysis of LIBS data acquired by MarSCoDe. Fifteen igneous geological standards are selected for a preliminary LIBS spectroscopic study. Three multivariate analysis methods were applied to characterize the geochemical features of igneous standards. First, quantitative analysis was done with Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection (LASSO), where the major element compositions of these samples (SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, T Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, CaO, K<sub>2</sub>O, Na<sub>2</sub>O, and TiO<sub>2</sub>) were derived. The predicted concentrations ((Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + MgO)/SiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MgO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>, and (Na<sub>2</sub>O + K<sub>2</sub>O)/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) were used to identify the geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks. Also, PCA, an unsupervised multivariate method was tested to directly identify the igneous rock lithology with no prior quantification. Higher correlation (0.82–0.88) are obtained using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) scores than using predicted elemental ratios derived by PLS and LASSO, indicating that PCA is better suited to identify igneous rock lithology than via quantitative concentrations. This preliminary study, using this LIBS system, provides suitable methods for the elemental prediction and geochemical identification of martian rocks, and we will use extended geologic standards and continue to build a robust LIBS spectral library for MarSCoDe based on this LIBS system in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:46:03Z |
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| id | doaj.art-0e3ccda7d2bc4d3db72fc66c31e2781f |
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| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:46:03Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0e3ccda7d2bc4d3db72fc66c31e2781f2023-11-23T02:56:09ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922021-11-011323477310.3390/rs13234773A Stand-Off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System Applicable for Martian Rocks StudiesChangqing Liu0Zongcheng Ling1Jiang Zhang2Zhongchen Wu3Hongchun Bai4Yiheng Liu5Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, School of Space Science and Physics, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, ChinaLaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a valuable tool for evaluating the geochemical characteristics of Martian rocks and was applied in the Tianwen-1 Mars exploration mission with the payload called Mars Surface Composition Detection Package (MarSCoDe). In this work, we developed a laboratory standoff LIBS system combined with a Martian simulation chamber to examine the geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks, with the intention to provide a reference and a basis for the analysis of LIBS data acquired by MarSCoDe. Fifteen igneous geological standards are selected for a preliminary LIBS spectroscopic study. Three multivariate analysis methods were applied to characterize the geochemical features of igneous standards. First, quantitative analysis was done with Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection (LASSO), where the major element compositions of these samples (SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, T Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, MgO, CaO, K<sub>2</sub>O, Na<sub>2</sub>O, and TiO<sub>2</sub>) were derived. The predicted concentrations ((Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + MgO)/SiO<sub>2</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/MgO, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>, and (Na<sub>2</sub>O + K<sub>2</sub>O)/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) were used to identify the geochemical characteristics of igneous rocks. Also, PCA, an unsupervised multivariate method was tested to directly identify the igneous rock lithology with no prior quantification. Higher correlation (0.82–0.88) are obtained using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) scores than using predicted elemental ratios derived by PLS and LASSO, indicating that PCA is better suited to identify igneous rock lithology than via quantitative concentrations. This preliminary study, using this LIBS system, provides suitable methods for the elemental prediction and geochemical identification of martian rocks, and we will use extended geologic standards and continue to build a robust LIBS spectral library for MarSCoDe based on this LIBS system in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4773LIBSMarsigneous rockschemical compositiongeologic standard |
| spellingShingle | Changqing Liu Zongcheng Ling Jiang Zhang Zhongchen Wu Hongchun Bai Yiheng Liu A Stand-Off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System Applicable for Martian Rocks Studies Remote Sensing LIBS Mars igneous rocks chemical composition geologic standard |
| title | A Stand-Off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System Applicable for Martian Rocks Studies |
| title_full | A Stand-Off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System Applicable for Martian Rocks Studies |
| title_fullStr | A Stand-Off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System Applicable for Martian Rocks Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Stand-Off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System Applicable for Martian Rocks Studies |
| title_short | A Stand-Off Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) System Applicable for Martian Rocks Studies |
| title_sort | stand off laser induced breakdown spectroscopy libs system applicable for martian rocks studies |
| topic | LIBS Mars igneous rocks chemical composition geologic standard |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/23/4773 |
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