Statistical Evaluation of Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT) for Ground Samples
Barkhausen noise testing (BNT) is a nondestructive method for investigating many properties of ferromagnetic materials. The most common application is the monitoring of grinding burns caused by introducing locally high temperatures while grinding. Other features, such as microstructure, residual str...
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4716 |
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| author | Robert Tomkowski Aki Sorsa Suvi Santa-aho Per Lundin Minnamari Vippola |
| author_facet | Robert Tomkowski Aki Sorsa Suvi Santa-aho Per Lundin Minnamari Vippola |
| author_sort | Robert Tomkowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Barkhausen noise testing (BNT) is a nondestructive method for investigating many properties of ferromagnetic materials. The most common application is the monitoring of grinding burns caused by introducing locally high temperatures while grinding. Other features, such as microstructure, residual stress changes, hardening depth, and so forth, can be monitored as well. Nevertheless, because BNT is a method based on a complex magnetoelectric phenomenon, it is not yet standardized. Therefore, there is a need to study the traceability and stability of the measurement method. This study aimed to carry out a statistical analysis of ferromagnetic samples after grinding processes by the use of BNT. The first part of the experiment was to grind samples in different facilities (Sweden and Finland) with similar grinding parameters, different grinding wheels, and different hardness values. The second part was to evaluate measured BNT parameters to determine significant factors affecting BNT signal value. The measurement data from the samples were divided into two different batches according to where they were manufactured. Both grinding batches contained measurement data from three different participants. The main feature for calculation was the root-mean-square (RMS) value. The first processing step was to normalize the RMS values for all the measurements. A standard analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the normalized dataset. The ANOVA showed that the grinding parameters had a significant impact on the BNT signal value, while the other investigated factors (e.g., participant) were negligible. The reasons for this are discussed at the end of the paper. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:36:14Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T00:36:14Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0e415b6ea81947648e6376dedd595ca82022-12-22T03:10:19ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202019-10-011921471610.3390/s19214716s19214716Statistical Evaluation of Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT) for Ground SamplesRobert Tomkowski0Aki Sorsa1Suvi Santa-aho2Per Lundin3Minnamari Vippola4Manufacturing and Metrology Systems, Department of Production Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering and Management, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 68, 114 28 Stockholm, SwedenControl Engineering, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014 Oulu, FinlandFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 589, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandSchlumpf Scandinavia AB, Flygfältsgatan 2D, 128 30 Skarpnäck, SwedenFaculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 589, FI-33014 Tampere, FinlandBarkhausen noise testing (BNT) is a nondestructive method for investigating many properties of ferromagnetic materials. The most common application is the monitoring of grinding burns caused by introducing locally high temperatures while grinding. Other features, such as microstructure, residual stress changes, hardening depth, and so forth, can be monitored as well. Nevertheless, because BNT is a method based on a complex magnetoelectric phenomenon, it is not yet standardized. Therefore, there is a need to study the traceability and stability of the measurement method. This study aimed to carry out a statistical analysis of ferromagnetic samples after grinding processes by the use of BNT. The first part of the experiment was to grind samples in different facilities (Sweden and Finland) with similar grinding parameters, different grinding wheels, and different hardness values. The second part was to evaluate measured BNT parameters to determine significant factors affecting BNT signal value. The measurement data from the samples were divided into two different batches according to where they were manufactured. Both grinding batches contained measurement data from three different participants. The main feature for calculation was the root-mean-square (RMS) value. The first processing step was to normalize the RMS values for all the measurements. A standard analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the normalized dataset. The ANOVA showed that the grinding parameters had a significant impact on the BNT signal value, while the other investigated factors (e.g., participant) were negligible. The reasons for this are discussed at the end of the paper.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4716barkhausen noise testing (bnt)uncertaintyproficiency testanova |
| spellingShingle | Robert Tomkowski Aki Sorsa Suvi Santa-aho Per Lundin Minnamari Vippola Statistical Evaluation of Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT) for Ground Samples Sensors barkhausen noise testing (bnt) uncertainty proficiency test anova |
| title | Statistical Evaluation of Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT) for Ground Samples |
| title_full | Statistical Evaluation of Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT) for Ground Samples |
| title_fullStr | Statistical Evaluation of Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT) for Ground Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistical Evaluation of Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT) for Ground Samples |
| title_short | Statistical Evaluation of Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT) for Ground Samples |
| title_sort | statistical evaluation of barkhausen noise testing bnt for ground samples |
| topic | barkhausen noise testing (bnt) uncertainty proficiency test anova |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/21/4716 |
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