Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clues to <i>Aspergillus</i> Aetiology with a Pharmacological Perspective
Exogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EXFE) represents a rare complication after penetrating ocular trauma of previously unresolved keratitis or iatrogenic infections, following intraocular surgery such as cataract surgery. The usual latency period between intraocular inoculation and presentation of sym...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/1/74 |
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| author | Tommaso Lupia Silvia Corcione Antonio Maria Fea Michele Reibaldi Matteo Fallico Francesco Petrillo Marilena Galdiero Silvia Scabini Maria Sole Polito Umberto Ciabatti Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa |
| author_facet | Tommaso Lupia Silvia Corcione Antonio Maria Fea Michele Reibaldi Matteo Fallico Francesco Petrillo Marilena Galdiero Silvia Scabini Maria Sole Polito Umberto Ciabatti Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa |
| author_sort | Tommaso Lupia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EXFE) represents a rare complication after penetrating ocular trauma of previously unresolved keratitis or iatrogenic infections, following intraocular surgery such as cataract surgery. The usual latency period between intraocular inoculation and presentation of symptoms from fungal endophthalmitis is several weeks to months as delayed-onset endophthalmitis. <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., is the most common causative mould pathogen implicated in this ocular infection and early diagnosis and prompt antimicrobial treatment, concomitantly in most cases with expert surgical attention, reduce unfavorable complications and increase the possibility of eye function preservation. Topical, intravitreal and systemic antifungal molecules are the mainstay of a medical approach to the disease and azoles, polyenes and in particular cases echinocandins are the pharmacological classes most commonly used in clinical practice. This review discusses pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of antifungal agents in their principal modes of administration with a focus on their ability to achieve high drug concentration in the vitreous and ocular tissues. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:40:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e4c7654f0e74aeb8a8310551d115413 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:40:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e4c7654f0e74aeb8a8310551d1154132023-11-21T03:05:32ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-12-01917410.3390/microorganisms9010074Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clues to <i>Aspergillus</i> Aetiology with a Pharmacological PerspectiveTommaso Lupia0Silvia Corcione1Antonio Maria Fea2Michele Reibaldi3Matteo Fallico4Francesco Petrillo5Marilena Galdiero6Silvia Scabini7Maria Sole Polito8Umberto Ciabatti9Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa10Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic Section, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic Section, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic Section, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic Section, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, ItalyExogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EXFE) represents a rare complication after penetrating ocular trauma of previously unresolved keratitis or iatrogenic infections, following intraocular surgery such as cataract surgery. The usual latency period between intraocular inoculation and presentation of symptoms from fungal endophthalmitis is several weeks to months as delayed-onset endophthalmitis. <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., is the most common causative mould pathogen implicated in this ocular infection and early diagnosis and prompt antimicrobial treatment, concomitantly in most cases with expert surgical attention, reduce unfavorable complications and increase the possibility of eye function preservation. Topical, intravitreal and systemic antifungal molecules are the mainstay of a medical approach to the disease and azoles, polyenes and in particular cases echinocandins are the pharmacological classes most commonly used in clinical practice. This review discusses pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of antifungal agents in their principal modes of administration with a focus on their ability to achieve high drug concentration in the vitreous and ocular tissues.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/1/74endophtalmitisfungal endophtalmitisaspergillusantifungal therapy |
| spellingShingle | Tommaso Lupia Silvia Corcione Antonio Maria Fea Michele Reibaldi Matteo Fallico Francesco Petrillo Marilena Galdiero Silvia Scabini Maria Sole Polito Umberto Ciabatti Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clues to <i>Aspergillus</i> Aetiology with a Pharmacological Perspective Microorganisms endophtalmitis fungal endophtalmitis aspergillus antifungal therapy |
| title | Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clues to <i>Aspergillus</i> Aetiology with a Pharmacological Perspective |
| title_full | Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clues to <i>Aspergillus</i> Aetiology with a Pharmacological Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clues to <i>Aspergillus</i> Aetiology with a Pharmacological Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clues to <i>Aspergillus</i> Aetiology with a Pharmacological Perspective |
| title_short | Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis: Clues to <i>Aspergillus</i> Aetiology with a Pharmacological Perspective |
| title_sort | exogenous fungal endophthalmitis clues to i aspergillus i aetiology with a pharmacological perspective |
| topic | endophtalmitis fungal endophtalmitis aspergillus antifungal therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/1/74 |
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