The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus account for most invasive fungal and bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs), respectively. However, the initial point of invasion responsible for S. aureus BSIs is often unclear. Recently, C. albicans has been proposed to mediate S. aureus invasion of immu...

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Main Authors: Raymond Pasman, Bastiaan P. Krom, Sebastian A. J. Zaat, Stanley Brul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2022.851786/full
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author Raymond Pasman
Bastiaan P. Krom
Sebastian A. J. Zaat
Stanley Brul
author_facet Raymond Pasman
Bastiaan P. Krom
Sebastian A. J. Zaat
Stanley Brul
author_sort Raymond Pasman
collection DOAJ
description Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus account for most invasive fungal and bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs), respectively. However, the initial point of invasion responsible for S. aureus BSIs is often unclear. Recently, C. albicans has been proposed to mediate S. aureus invasion of immunocompromised hosts during co-colonization of oral mucosal surfaces. The status of the oral immune system crucially contributes to this process in two distinct ways: firstly, by allowing invasive C. albicans growth during dysfunction of extra-epithelial immunity, and secondly following invasion by some remaining function of intra-epithelial immunity. Immunocompromised individuals at risk of developing invasive oral C. albicans infections could, therefore, also be at risk of contracting concordant S. aureus BSIs. Considering the crucial contribution of both oral immune function and dysfunction, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of relevant aspects of intra and extra-epithelial oral immunity and discuss predominant immune deficiencies expected to facilitate C. albicans induced S. aureus BSIs.
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spelling doaj.art-0e56598230ff4a649883e11ffefee8de2022-12-21T19:20:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oral Health2673-48422022-04-01310.3389/froh.2022.851786851786The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureusRaymond Pasman0Bastiaan P. Krom1Sebastian A. J. Zaat2Stanley Brul3Department of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, NetherlandsDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NetherlandsCandida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus account for most invasive fungal and bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs), respectively. However, the initial point of invasion responsible for S. aureus BSIs is often unclear. Recently, C. albicans has been proposed to mediate S. aureus invasion of immunocompromised hosts during co-colonization of oral mucosal surfaces. The status of the oral immune system crucially contributes to this process in two distinct ways: firstly, by allowing invasive C. albicans growth during dysfunction of extra-epithelial immunity, and secondly following invasion by some remaining function of intra-epithelial immunity. Immunocompromised individuals at risk of developing invasive oral C. albicans infections could, therefore, also be at risk of contracting concordant S. aureus BSIs. Considering the crucial contribution of both oral immune function and dysfunction, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of relevant aspects of intra and extra-epithelial oral immunity and discuss predominant immune deficiencies expected to facilitate C. albicans induced S. aureus BSIs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2022.851786/fullbloodstream infection (BSI)Candida albicansStaphylococcus aureusoralimmunocompromised
spellingShingle Raymond Pasman
Bastiaan P. Krom
Sebastian A. J. Zaat
Stanley Brul
The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus
Frontiers in Oral Health
bloodstream infection (BSI)
Candida albicans
Staphylococcus aureus
oral
immunocompromised
title The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus
title_full The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus
title_fullStr The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus
title_full_unstemmed The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus
title_short The Role of the Oral Immune System in Oropharyngeal Candidiasis-Facilitated Invasion and Dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus
title_sort role of the oral immune system in oropharyngeal candidiasis facilitated invasion and dissemination of staphylococcus aureus
topic bloodstream infection (BSI)
Candida albicans
Staphylococcus aureus
oral
immunocompromised
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2022.851786/full
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