Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs that enhance appropriate pancreatic β-cell secretion, pancreatic α-cell (glucagon) suppression, decrease liver glucose production, increase satiety through their action on the central nervous system, slow ga...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/7/3451 |
| _version_ | 1797439187330269184 |
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| author | Jasna Klen Vita Dolžan |
| author_facet | Jasna Klen Vita Dolžan |
| author_sort | Jasna Klen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs that enhance appropriate pancreatic β-cell secretion, pancreatic α-cell (glucagon) suppression, decrease liver glucose production, increase satiety through their action on the central nervous system, slow gastric emptying time, and increase insulin action on peripheral tissue. They are effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and have a favorable effect on weight loss. Their cardiovascular and renal safety has been extensively investigated and confirmed in many clinical trials. Recently, evidence has shown that in addition to the existing approaches for the treatment of obesity, semaglutide in higher doses promotes weight loss and can be used as a drug to treat obesity. However, some T2DM and obese patients do not achieve a desired therapeutic effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists. This could be due to the multifactorial etiologies of T2DM and obesity, but genetic variability in the GLP-1 receptor or signaling pathways also needs to be considered in non-responders to GLP-1 receptor agonists. This review focuses on the pharmacological, clinical, and genetic factors that may influence the response to GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:49:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e5d42afe3ba47dab4075d0c5a39eeaf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:49:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e5d42afe3ba47dab4075d0c5a39eeaf2023-11-30T23:17:05ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-03-01237345110.3390/ijms23073451Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic FactorsJasna Klen0Vita Dolžan1Department of Abdominal Surgery, Division of Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaPharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaGlucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs that enhance appropriate pancreatic β-cell secretion, pancreatic α-cell (glucagon) suppression, decrease liver glucose production, increase satiety through their action on the central nervous system, slow gastric emptying time, and increase insulin action on peripheral tissue. They are effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and have a favorable effect on weight loss. Their cardiovascular and renal safety has been extensively investigated and confirmed in many clinical trials. Recently, evidence has shown that in addition to the existing approaches for the treatment of obesity, semaglutide in higher doses promotes weight loss and can be used as a drug to treat obesity. However, some T2DM and obese patients do not achieve a desired therapeutic effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists. This could be due to the multifactorial etiologies of T2DM and obesity, but genetic variability in the GLP-1 receptor or signaling pathways also needs to be considered in non-responders to GLP-1 receptor agonists. This review focuses on the pharmacological, clinical, and genetic factors that may influence the response to GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/7/3451type 2 diabetes mellitusobesityincretinsGLP-1 receptor agonistscardiovascular safetygenetic polymorphisms |
| spellingShingle | Jasna Klen Vita Dolžan Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors International Journal of Molecular Sciences type 2 diabetes mellitus obesity incretins GLP-1 receptor agonists cardiovascular safety genetic polymorphisms |
| title | Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors |
| title_full | Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors |
| title_fullStr | Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors |
| title_short | Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors |
| title_sort | glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity the impact of pharmacological properties and genetic factors |
| topic | type 2 diabetes mellitus obesity incretins GLP-1 receptor agonists cardiovascular safety genetic polymorphisms |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/7/3451 |
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