The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
The identification of the fuel found in a crime scene and establishing its source is important for forensic investigations. In this study petrol and diesel samples were analysed in order to identify chemical composition and additives with the aim of obtaining a set of markers or compounds that will...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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De Gruyter
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Open Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0021 |
| _version_ | 1818390563028729856 |
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| author | Suppajariyawat Praew Andrade Ana Flavia Belchior de Elie Mathieu Baron Mark Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose |
| author_facet | Suppajariyawat Praew Andrade Ana Flavia Belchior de Elie Mathieu Baron Mark Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose |
| author_sort | Suppajariyawat Praew |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The identification of the fuel found in a crime scene and establishing its source is important for forensic investigations. In this study petrol and diesel samples were analysed in order to identify chemical composition and additives with the aim of obtaining a set of markers or compounds that will allow forensic scientists to identify fuel sources. The study was performed using petrol and diesel sold in the city of Lincoln (UK) during four seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn).Diesel samples, representing eight different brands were analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). From the GC–MS analytical results, MTBE and ETBE were identified as the additive more preferably added in super unleaded petrol samples that can be used to aid in separation and identification. In diesel, the distribution of FAME contents showed the effect of seasonal variation as these were found in all spring, summer and autumn samples, but not found in all winter ones. The selection of a reduced number of key fuel compounds and additives was also shown to be sufficient to achieve a high level of classification among the different fuel samples. Leave–one–out cross–validation was applied in order to validate the results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T04:59:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e5f6f4398b64c759e9c8a31c72d046a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2391-5420 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T04:59:37Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Open Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e5f6f4398b64c759e9c8a31c72d046a2022-12-21T23:16:16ZengDe GruyterOpen Chemistry2391-54202019-03-0117118319710.1515/chem-2019-0021chem-2019-0021The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk StudySuppajariyawat Praew0Andrade Ana Flavia Belchior de1Elie Mathieu2Baron Mark3Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose4School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7DL, United KingdomSchool of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7DL, United KingdomSchool of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7DL, United KingdomSchool of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7DL, United KingdomSchool of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7DL, United KingdomThe identification of the fuel found in a crime scene and establishing its source is important for forensic investigations. In this study petrol and diesel samples were analysed in order to identify chemical composition and additives with the aim of obtaining a set of markers or compounds that will allow forensic scientists to identify fuel sources. The study was performed using petrol and diesel sold in the city of Lincoln (UK) during four seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn).Diesel samples, representing eight different brands were analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). From the GC–MS analytical results, MTBE and ETBE were identified as the additive more preferably added in super unleaded petrol samples that can be used to aid in separation and identification. In diesel, the distribution of FAME contents showed the effect of seasonal variation as these were found in all spring, summer and autumn samples, but not found in all winter ones. The selection of a reduced number of key fuel compounds and additives was also shown to be sufficient to achieve a high level of classification among the different fuel samples. Leave–one–out cross–validation was applied in order to validate the results.https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0021petroldieselfuel additivesprincipal component analysisgas chromatography–mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Suppajariyawat Praew Andrade Ana Flavia Belchior de Elie Mathieu Baron Mark Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study Open Chemistry petrol diesel fuel additives principal component analysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry |
| title | The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study |
| title_full | The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study |
| title_fullStr | The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study |
| title_short | The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study |
| title_sort | use of chemical composition and additives to classify petrol and diesel using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis a uk study |
| topic | petrol diesel fuel additives principal component analysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0021 |
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