The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling
Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with the unique ability to induce cell intrinsic programs that enhance resistance to viral infection. Induction of an antiviral state at the cell, tissue, organ, and organismal level is performed by three distinct IFN families, designated as Type-I, Type-...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.606489/full |
| _version_ | 1818526696508227584 |
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| author | Mark R. Walter |
| author_facet | Mark R. Walter |
| author_sort | Mark R. Walter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with the unique ability to induce cell intrinsic programs that enhance resistance to viral infection. Induction of an antiviral state at the cell, tissue, organ, and organismal level is performed by three distinct IFN families, designated as Type-I, Type-II, and Type-III IFNs. Overall, there are 21 human IFNs, (16 type-I, 12 IFNαs, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, and IFNω; 1 type-II, IFNγ; and 4 type-III, IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, and IFNλ4), that induce pleotropic cellular activities essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against virus and other pathogens. IFN signaling is initiated by binding to distinct heterodimeric receptor complexes. The three-dimensional structures of the type-I (IFNα/IFNAR1/IFNAR2), type-II (IFNγ/IFNGR1/IFNGR2), and type-III (IFNλ3/IFNλR1/IL10R2) signaling complexes have been determined. Here, we highlight similar and unique features of the IFNs, their cell surface complexes and discuss their role in inducing downstream IFN signaling responses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:26:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e60045959aa4016873bc6e4654d6375 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T06:26:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e60045959aa4016873bc6e4654d63752022-12-22T01:17:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-11-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.606489606489The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon SignalingMark R. WalterInterferons (IFNs) are a family of cytokines with the unique ability to induce cell intrinsic programs that enhance resistance to viral infection. Induction of an antiviral state at the cell, tissue, organ, and organismal level is performed by three distinct IFN families, designated as Type-I, Type-II, and Type-III IFNs. Overall, there are 21 human IFNs, (16 type-I, 12 IFNαs, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, and IFNω; 1 type-II, IFNγ; and 4 type-III, IFNλ1, IFNλ2, IFNλ3, and IFNλ4), that induce pleotropic cellular activities essential for innate and adaptive immune responses against virus and other pathogens. IFN signaling is initiated by binding to distinct heterodimeric receptor complexes. The three-dimensional structures of the type-I (IFNα/IFNAR1/IFNAR2), type-II (IFNγ/IFNGR1/IFNGR2), and type-III (IFNλ3/IFNλR1/IL10R2) signaling complexes have been determined. Here, we highlight similar and unique features of the IFNs, their cell surface complexes and discuss their role in inducing downstream IFN signaling responses.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.606489/fullinterferonIFNtype-Itype-IItype-IIIreceptor complex |
| spellingShingle | Mark R. Walter The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling Frontiers in Immunology interferon IFN type-I type-II type-III receptor complex |
| title | The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling |
| title_full | The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling |
| title_short | The Role of Structure in the Biology of Interferon Signaling |
| title_sort | role of structure in the biology of interferon signaling |
| topic | interferon IFN type-I type-II type-III receptor complex |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.606489/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT markrwalter theroleofstructureinthebiologyofinterferonsignaling AT markrwalter roleofstructureinthebiologyofinterferonsignaling |