A Proteomic Approach to Identify Zein Proteins upon Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Based Extraction
Zein is a type of prolamin storage protein that has a variety of biomedical and industrial applications. Due to the considerable genetic variability and polyploidity of the starting material, as well as the extraction methods used, the characterization of the protein composition of zein requires a c...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/12/1838 |
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| author | Laura Darie-Ion Madhuri Jayathirtha Gabriela Elena Hitruc Marius-Mihai Zaharia Robert Vasile Gradinaru Costel C. Darie Aurel Pui Brindusa Alina Petre |
| author_facet | Laura Darie-Ion Madhuri Jayathirtha Gabriela Elena Hitruc Marius-Mihai Zaharia Robert Vasile Gradinaru Costel C. Darie Aurel Pui Brindusa Alina Petre |
| author_sort | Laura Darie-Ion |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zein is a type of prolamin storage protein that has a variety of biomedical and industrial applications. Due to the considerable genetic variability and polyploidity of the starting material, as well as the extraction methods used, the characterization of the protein composition of zein requires a combination of different analytical processes. Therefore, we combined modern analytical methods such as mass spectrometry (MS), Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) for a better characterization of the extracted zein. In this study, we present an enhanced eco-friendly extraction method, including grinding and sieving corn seeds, for prolamins proteins using an ultrasonic extraction methodology. The use of an ultrasonic homogenizer, 65% ethanol extraction buffer, and 710 µm maize granulation yielded the highest protein extraction from all experimental conditions we employed. An SDS PAGE analysis of the extracted zein protein mainly revealed two intense bands of approximatively 20 and 23 kDa, suggesting that the extracted zein was mostly α-zein monomer. Additionally, MS analysis revealed as a main component the α-zein PMS2 (Uniprot accession no. P24450) type protein in the maize flour extract. Moreover, AFM studies show that extracting zein with a 65% ethanol and a 710 µm granulation yields a homogeneous content that could allow these proteins to be employed in future medical applications. This research leads to a better understanding of zeins content critical for developing new applications of zein in food and pharmaceutical industries, such as biocompatible medical vehicles based on polyplexes complex nanoparticles of zein with antimicrobial or drug delivery properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:32:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e6241cb7b5e45a59d3d38f70cb4d526 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:32:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e6241cb7b5e45a59d3d38f70cb4d5262023-11-23T03:59:57ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-12-011112183810.3390/biom11121838A Proteomic Approach to Identify Zein Proteins upon Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Based ExtractionLaura Darie-Ion0Madhuri Jayathirtha1Gabriela Elena Hitruc2Marius-Mihai Zaharia3Robert Vasile Gradinaru4Costel C. Darie5Aurel Pui6Brindusa Alina Petre7Faculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11, Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USAPetru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, RomaniaPetru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Gr. Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11, Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, RomaniaDepartment of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USAFaculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11, Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Chemistry, Al. I. Cuza University of Iasi, 11, Carol I Boulevard, 700506 Iasi, RomaniaZein is a type of prolamin storage protein that has a variety of biomedical and industrial applications. Due to the considerable genetic variability and polyploidity of the starting material, as well as the extraction methods used, the characterization of the protein composition of zein requires a combination of different analytical processes. Therefore, we combined modern analytical methods such as mass spectrometry (MS), Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), or Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) for a better characterization of the extracted zein. In this study, we present an enhanced eco-friendly extraction method, including grinding and sieving corn seeds, for prolamins proteins using an ultrasonic extraction methodology. The use of an ultrasonic homogenizer, 65% ethanol extraction buffer, and 710 µm maize granulation yielded the highest protein extraction from all experimental conditions we employed. An SDS PAGE analysis of the extracted zein protein mainly revealed two intense bands of approximatively 20 and 23 kDa, suggesting that the extracted zein was mostly α-zein monomer. Additionally, MS analysis revealed as a main component the α-zein PMS2 (Uniprot accession no. P24450) type protein in the maize flour extract. Moreover, AFM studies show that extracting zein with a 65% ethanol and a 710 µm granulation yields a homogeneous content that could allow these proteins to be employed in future medical applications. This research leads to a better understanding of zeins content critical for developing new applications of zein in food and pharmaceutical industries, such as biocompatible medical vehicles based on polyplexes complex nanoparticles of zein with antimicrobial or drug delivery properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/12/1838zeinultrasound extractionelectrophoresismass spectrometryatomic force microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Laura Darie-Ion Madhuri Jayathirtha Gabriela Elena Hitruc Marius-Mihai Zaharia Robert Vasile Gradinaru Costel C. Darie Aurel Pui Brindusa Alina Petre A Proteomic Approach to Identify Zein Proteins upon Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Based Extraction Biomolecules zein ultrasound extraction electrophoresis mass spectrometry atomic force microscopy |
| title | A Proteomic Approach to Identify Zein Proteins upon Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Based Extraction |
| title_full | A Proteomic Approach to Identify Zein Proteins upon Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Based Extraction |
| title_fullStr | A Proteomic Approach to Identify Zein Proteins upon Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Based Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Proteomic Approach to Identify Zein Proteins upon Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Based Extraction |
| title_short | A Proteomic Approach to Identify Zein Proteins upon Eco-Friendly Ultrasound-Based Extraction |
| title_sort | proteomic approach to identify zein proteins upon eco friendly ultrasound based extraction |
| topic | zein ultrasound extraction electrophoresis mass spectrometry atomic force microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/12/1838 |
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