Anxiety, Depression, and Apathy as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—A Three-Year Follow-Up Study
ObjectiveAnxiety, depression, and apathy are the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. They impair cognitive functioning and have a profound impact on quality of life. This follow-up study aims to investigate the predictive value of anxiety, depression, and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.792830/full |
| _version_ | 1818284888526159872 |
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| author | Ketevan Toloraia Antonia Meyer Selina Beltrani Peter Fuhr Roselind Lieb Ute Gschwandtner |
| author_facet | Ketevan Toloraia Antonia Meyer Selina Beltrani Peter Fuhr Roselind Lieb Ute Gschwandtner |
| author_sort | Ketevan Toloraia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveAnxiety, depression, and apathy are the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. They impair cognitive functioning and have a profound impact on quality of life. This follow-up study aims to investigate the predictive value of anxiety, depression, and apathy on the development of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in PD patients.MethodsTwenty-nine cognitively unimpaired PD patients (mean age 68.2 SD ± 7.12 years; 13 women) participated in this study. At Baseline (BL) levels of apathy (Apathy Evaluation Scale, AES), depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI-II), and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI), were assessed. Cognitive status was reassessed three years later according to MCI/non-MCI status. For statistics, we used binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis to examine anxiety, apathy, and depression at BL as a predictor of MCI status three years later.ResultsEight of the 29 patients developed MCI. Anxiety level at BL was found to predict MCI status at three-year follow-up (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.02–1.41, p = 0.02), while depression (OR = 1.16, CI = 0.93–1.47, p = 0.20) and apathy (OR = 1.06, CI = 0.92–1.23, p = 0.40) did not predict MCI status. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of BAI for discriminating PD-non-MCI from PD-MCI was 0.79 (CI = 0.61–0.98). The optimal classification threshold yielded a sensitivity of 75.0 % and a specificity of 76.2 %. Neither apathy nor depression at BL discriminated between PD-non-MCI patients from PD-MCI three years later.ConclusionsThis study shows an association between anxiety and the development of MCI in PD patients, although the association between apathy, depression, and MCI did not reach a significant level. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T00:59:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e72d6fa1a8c4112a5d4029b483f2da0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T00:59:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e72d6fa1a8c4112a5d4029b483f2da02022-12-22T00:04:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952022-02-011310.3389/fneur.2022.792830792830Anxiety, Depression, and Apathy as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—A Three-Year Follow-Up StudyKetevan Toloraia0Antonia Meyer1Selina Beltrani2Peter Fuhr3Roselind Lieb4Ute Gschwandtner5Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandDivision of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandObjectiveAnxiety, depression, and apathy are the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. They impair cognitive functioning and have a profound impact on quality of life. This follow-up study aims to investigate the predictive value of anxiety, depression, and apathy on the development of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in PD patients.MethodsTwenty-nine cognitively unimpaired PD patients (mean age 68.2 SD ± 7.12 years; 13 women) participated in this study. At Baseline (BL) levels of apathy (Apathy Evaluation Scale, AES), depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI-II), and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI), were assessed. Cognitive status was reassessed three years later according to MCI/non-MCI status. For statistics, we used binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis to examine anxiety, apathy, and depression at BL as a predictor of MCI status three years later.ResultsEight of the 29 patients developed MCI. Anxiety level at BL was found to predict MCI status at three-year follow-up (OR = 1.20, CI = 1.02–1.41, p = 0.02), while depression (OR = 1.16, CI = 0.93–1.47, p = 0.20) and apathy (OR = 1.06, CI = 0.92–1.23, p = 0.40) did not predict MCI status. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of BAI for discriminating PD-non-MCI from PD-MCI was 0.79 (CI = 0.61–0.98). The optimal classification threshold yielded a sensitivity of 75.0 % and a specificity of 76.2 %. Neither apathy nor depression at BL discriminated between PD-non-MCI patients from PD-MCI three years later.ConclusionsThis study shows an association between anxiety and the development of MCI in PD patients, although the association between apathy, depression, and MCI did not reach a significant level.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.792830/fullanxietymild cognitive impairmentParkinson's diseaseneuropsychologyneuropsychiatry |
| spellingShingle | Ketevan Toloraia Antonia Meyer Selina Beltrani Peter Fuhr Roselind Lieb Ute Gschwandtner Anxiety, Depression, and Apathy as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—A Three-Year Follow-Up Study Frontiers in Neurology anxiety mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease neuropsychology neuropsychiatry |
| title | Anxiety, Depression, and Apathy as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—A Three-Year Follow-Up Study |
| title_full | Anxiety, Depression, and Apathy as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—A Three-Year Follow-Up Study |
| title_fullStr | Anxiety, Depression, and Apathy as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—A Three-Year Follow-Up Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anxiety, Depression, and Apathy as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—A Three-Year Follow-Up Study |
| title_short | Anxiety, Depression, and Apathy as Predictors of Cognitive Decline in Patients With Parkinson's Disease—A Three-Year Follow-Up Study |
| title_sort | anxiety depression and apathy as predictors of cognitive decline in patients with parkinson s disease a three year follow up study |
| topic | anxiety mild cognitive impairment Parkinson's disease neuropsychology neuropsychiatry |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2022.792830/full |
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