Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples
Abstract Heavy metal ion pollution is always a serious problem worldwide. Therefore, monitoring heavy metal ions in environmental water is a crucial and difficult step to ensure the safety of people and the environment. A mercury ion (Hg2+) fluorescence probe with excellent sensitivity and selectivi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Analytical Science and Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-023-00379-0 |
| _version_ | 1797864402807947264 |
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| author | Y. G. Abou El-Reash Eslam A. Ghaith Osama El-Awady Faisal K. Algethami Haiqing Lin Ehab A. Abdelrahman Fathi S. Awad |
| author_facet | Y. G. Abou El-Reash Eslam A. Ghaith Osama El-Awady Faisal K. Algethami Haiqing Lin Ehab A. Abdelrahman Fathi S. Awad |
| author_sort | Y. G. Abou El-Reash |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Heavy metal ion pollution is always a serious problem worldwide. Therefore, monitoring heavy metal ions in environmental water is a crucial and difficult step to ensure the safety of people and the environment. A mercury ion (Hg2+) fluorescence probe with excellent sensitivity and selectivity is described here. The functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (T/G-C3N4) fluorescence probe was fabricated using melamine as a precursor by the pyrolysis technique, followed by a rapid KOH heat treatment method for 2 min. The chemical structure and morphology of the T/G-C3N4 probe were characterized using multiple analytical techniques including UV–Vis, SEM, XPS, XRD, and fluorometer spectroscopy. Geometry optimization of T/G-C3N4 as a modified probe was performed to assess its stability and interaction ability with Hg(II) via using the density function approach. The T/G-C3N4 probe showed a linear response based on quenching over the range 0–1.25 × 103 nM Hg(II); the detection limit was 27 nM. The remarkable sensitivity of T/G-C3N4 towards the Hg2+ ions was explained by the intense coordination and fast chelation kinetics of Hg2+ with the NH2, CN, C=N, and OH groups of T/G-C3N4 nanoprobe. The T/G-C3N4 probe demonstrates exceptional selectivity for Hg2+ ions among other metal ions including (Na+, Ag+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Mn2+ and Hg2+) and over a broad pH range (6–10), together with remarkable long-term fluorescence stability in water (> 30 days) and minimal toxicity. T/G-C3N4 was used to detect and quantify Hg2+ ions in tuna and mackerel fish and the results compared to ICP-AES. The results obtained offer a new simple and green technique for the design of multifunctional fluorescent probe appropriate for environmental applications. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:52:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e788a72d7a74317b5b9b3226a7ae082 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-3371 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:52:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Analytical Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e788a72d7a74317b5b9b3226a7ae0822023-03-22T11:33:58ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Analytical Science and Technology2093-33712023-03-0114111110.1186/s40543-023-00379-0Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samplesY. G. Abou El-Reash0Eslam A. Ghaith1Osama El-Awady2Faisal K. Algethami3Haiqing Lin4Ehab A. Abdelrahman5Fathi S. Awad6Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New YorkDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura UniversityAbstract Heavy metal ion pollution is always a serious problem worldwide. Therefore, monitoring heavy metal ions in environmental water is a crucial and difficult step to ensure the safety of people and the environment. A mercury ion (Hg2+) fluorescence probe with excellent sensitivity and selectivity is described here. The functionalized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (T/G-C3N4) fluorescence probe was fabricated using melamine as a precursor by the pyrolysis technique, followed by a rapid KOH heat treatment method for 2 min. The chemical structure and morphology of the T/G-C3N4 probe were characterized using multiple analytical techniques including UV–Vis, SEM, XPS, XRD, and fluorometer spectroscopy. Geometry optimization of T/G-C3N4 as a modified probe was performed to assess its stability and interaction ability with Hg(II) via using the density function approach. The T/G-C3N4 probe showed a linear response based on quenching over the range 0–1.25 × 103 nM Hg(II); the detection limit was 27 nM. The remarkable sensitivity of T/G-C3N4 towards the Hg2+ ions was explained by the intense coordination and fast chelation kinetics of Hg2+ with the NH2, CN, C=N, and OH groups of T/G-C3N4 nanoprobe. The T/G-C3N4 probe demonstrates exceptional selectivity for Hg2+ ions among other metal ions including (Na+, Ag+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, K+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Mn2+ and Hg2+) and over a broad pH range (6–10), together with remarkable long-term fluorescence stability in water (> 30 days) and minimal toxicity. T/G-C3N4 was used to detect and quantify Hg2+ ions in tuna and mackerel fish and the results compared to ICP-AES. The results obtained offer a new simple and green technique for the design of multifunctional fluorescent probe appropriate for environmental applications. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-023-00379-0G-C3N4FunctionalizationFluorescent sensorHg2+ sensor |
| spellingShingle | Y. G. Abou El-Reash Eslam A. Ghaith Osama El-Awady Faisal K. Algethami Haiqing Lin Ehab A. Abdelrahman Fathi S. Awad Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples Journal of Analytical Science and Technology G-C3N4 Functionalization Fluorescent sensor Hg2+ sensor |
| title | Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples |
| title_full | Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples |
| title_fullStr | Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples |
| title_short | Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples |
| title_sort | highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples |
| topic | G-C3N4 Functionalization Fluorescent sensor Hg2+ sensor |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-023-00379-0 |
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