Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian flora
Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum is a critically endangered endemic taxa of the Sicilian flora. It is a relict of the Tertiary period surviving on the cliffs of Monte Gallo (NW-Sicily). This research focused on finding the best protocols for seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation t...
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PeerJ Inc.
2024-02-01
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| author | Valeria Gianguzzi Emilio Di Gristina Giulio Barone Francesco Sottile Gianniantonio Domina |
| author_facet | Valeria Gianguzzi Emilio Di Gristina Giulio Barone Francesco Sottile Gianniantonio Domina |
| author_sort | Valeria Gianguzzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum is a critically endangered endemic taxa of the Sicilian flora. It is a relict of the Tertiary period surviving on the cliffs of Monte Gallo (NW-Sicily). This research focused on finding the best protocols for seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation to contribute to ex situ conservation. Seed germination tests were carried out using constant temperatures of 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C in continuous darkness and an alternating temperature of 30/15 °C (16 h/8 h, light/dark). The seeds had no dormancy, and a high germination capacity (70–95%) was obtained at all tested thermoperiods. The possibility of vegetative propagation of the taxon was evaluated through the rooting capacity of stem cuttings treated or not treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All cuttings were treated with IBA rooted within 2 months, while only 50% of the untreated cuttings were rooted within a longer time. An efficient protocol for rapid in vitro propagation from leaf portions was developed. The response of explants was tested on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and MS enriched with different types of cytokinins: 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and meta-Topolin (mT) in combination with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at the same concentration. The combination of mT (2 mg L−1) and 2,4-D (1 mg L−1) in the medium was the most effective and showed the highest percentage of callus induction and the mean number of regenerated shoots. The maximum rate of root regeneration and the maximum number and length of roots were obtained on hormone-free MS and MS enriched with IBA at concentrations of 1 mg L−1. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that H. lucidum subsp. lucidum can be successfully propagated using one of the tested techniques, subject to the availability of the material for reproduction. |
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| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0e7e422e3264429c88b0e08a7db9a89e2024-02-11T15:05:06ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592024-02-0112e1683910.7717/peerj.16839Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian floraValeria Gianguzzi0Emilio Di Gristina1Giulio Barone2Francesco Sottile3Gianniantonio Domina4Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Architecture, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyHieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum is a critically endangered endemic taxa of the Sicilian flora. It is a relict of the Tertiary period surviving on the cliffs of Monte Gallo (NW-Sicily). This research focused on finding the best protocols for seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation to contribute to ex situ conservation. Seed germination tests were carried out using constant temperatures of 15 °C, 20 °C and 25 °C in continuous darkness and an alternating temperature of 30/15 °C (16 h/8 h, light/dark). The seeds had no dormancy, and a high germination capacity (70–95%) was obtained at all tested thermoperiods. The possibility of vegetative propagation of the taxon was evaluated through the rooting capacity of stem cuttings treated or not treated with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All cuttings were treated with IBA rooted within 2 months, while only 50% of the untreated cuttings were rooted within a longer time. An efficient protocol for rapid in vitro propagation from leaf portions was developed. The response of explants was tested on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and MS enriched with different types of cytokinins: 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and meta-Topolin (mT) in combination with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at the same concentration. The combination of mT (2 mg L−1) and 2,4-D (1 mg L−1) in the medium was the most effective and showed the highest percentage of callus induction and the mean number of regenerated shoots. The maximum rate of root regeneration and the maximum number and length of roots were obtained on hormone-free MS and MS enriched with IBA at concentrations of 1 mg L−1. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that H. lucidum subsp. lucidum can be successfully propagated using one of the tested techniques, subject to the availability of the material for reproduction.https://peerj.com/articles/16839.pdfConservationEndemismLeaf explantsMediterranean floraSexual reproductionVegetative multiplication |
| spellingShingle | Valeria Gianguzzi Emilio Di Gristina Giulio Barone Francesco Sottile Gianniantonio Domina Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian flora PeerJ Conservation Endemism Leaf explants Mediterranean flora Sexual reproduction Vegetative multiplication |
| title | Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian flora |
| title_full | Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian flora |
| title_fullStr | Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian flora |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian flora |
| title_short | Seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of Hieracium lucidum subsp. lucidum (Asteraceae), a critically endangered endemic taxon of the Sicilian flora |
| title_sort | seed germination and vegetative and in vitro propagation of hieracium lucidum subsp lucidum asteraceae a critically endangered endemic taxon of the sicilian flora |
| topic | Conservation Endemism Leaf explants Mediterranean flora Sexual reproduction Vegetative multiplication |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/16839.pdf |
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