High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses
Background: Early evidence suggested that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was less severe in Africa compared to other parts of the world. However, more recent studies indicate higher SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent than previously documented. Research is needed...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Virology Plus |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667038023000236 |
| _version_ | 1797791853353893888 |
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| author | Sulaimon Akanmu Bobby Brooke Herrera Beth Chaplin Sade Ogunsola Akin Osibogun Fatima Onawoga Sarah John-Olabode Iorhen E. Akase Augustina Nwosu Donald J. Hamel Charlotte A. Chang Phyllis J. Kanki |
| author_facet | Sulaimon Akanmu Bobby Brooke Herrera Beth Chaplin Sade Ogunsola Akin Osibogun Fatima Onawoga Sarah John-Olabode Iorhen E. Akase Augustina Nwosu Donald J. Hamel Charlotte A. Chang Phyllis J. Kanki |
| author_sort | Sulaimon Akanmu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Early evidence suggested that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was less severe in Africa compared to other parts of the world. However, more recent studies indicate higher SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent than previously documented. Research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in Africa. Methods: In early 2021, we studied the immune responses in healthcare workers (HCWs) at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (n = 134) and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine recipients from the general population (n = 116) across five local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Western blots were used to simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid (N) antibodies (n = 250), and stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with N followed by an IFN-γ ELISA was used to examine T cell responses (n = 114). Results: Antibody data demonstrated high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 72·4% (97/134) in HCWs and 60·3% (70/116) in the general population. Antibodies directed to only SARS-CoV-2 N, suggesting pre-existing coronavirus immunity, were seen in 9·7% (13/134) of HCWs and 15·5% (18/116) of the general population. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N (n = 114) were robust in detecting exposure to the virus, demonstrating 87·5% sensitivity and 92·9% specificity in a subset of control samples tested. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N were also observed in 83.3% of individuals with N-only antibodies, further suggesting that prior non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection may provide cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: These results have important implications for understanding the paradoxically high SARS-CoV-2 infection with low mortality rate in Africa and supports the need to better understand the implications of SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:24:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e7f191bb87645cea3c9a8d7b4382b21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-0380 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T02:24:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Virology Plus |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e7f191bb87645cea3c9a8d7b4382b212023-06-30T04:23:06ZengElsevierJournal of Clinical Virology Plus2667-03802023-08-0133100156High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responsesSulaimon Akanmu0Bobby Brooke Herrera1Beth Chaplin2Sade Ogunsola3Akin Osibogun4Fatima Onawoga5Sarah John-Olabode6Iorhen E. Akase7Augustina Nwosu8Donald J. Hamel9Charlotte A. Chang10Phyllis J. Kanki11Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 89 French St, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University, 112 Paterson Street, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Mir Biosciences, Inc., 12 Depot Way, Dunellen, NJ, USADepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USALagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, NigeriaLagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Lagos State COVID-19 Taskforce, Lagos State Ministry of Health, Lagos, NigeriaLagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, NigeriaLagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, NigeriaLagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, NigeriaLagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Eyo Ita Crescent, Akoka Yaba, Lagos, NigeriaDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, USA; Corresponding author: Phyllis J. Kanki, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Ave, FXB-405B, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.Background: Early evidence suggested that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was less severe in Africa compared to other parts of the world. However, more recent studies indicate higher SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 mortality rates on the continent than previously documented. Research is needed to better understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and immunity in Africa. Methods: In early 2021, we studied the immune responses in healthcare workers (HCWs) at Lagos University Teaching Hospital (n = 134) and Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine recipients from the general population (n = 116) across five local government areas (LGAs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. Western blots were used to simultaneously detect SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid (N) antibodies (n = 250), and stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with N followed by an IFN-γ ELISA was used to examine T cell responses (n = 114). Results: Antibody data demonstrated high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence of 72·4% (97/134) in HCWs and 60·3% (70/116) in the general population. Antibodies directed to only SARS-CoV-2 N, suggesting pre-existing coronavirus immunity, were seen in 9·7% (13/134) of HCWs and 15·5% (18/116) of the general population. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N (n = 114) were robust in detecting exposure to the virus, demonstrating 87·5% sensitivity and 92·9% specificity in a subset of control samples tested. T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 N were also observed in 83.3% of individuals with N-only antibodies, further suggesting that prior non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection may provide cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: These results have important implications for understanding the paradoxically high SARS-CoV-2 infection with low mortality rate in Africa and supports the need to better understand the implications of SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667038023000236COVID-19SARS CoV-2Healthcare workersVaccineAntibodyT-cell |
| spellingShingle | Sulaimon Akanmu Bobby Brooke Herrera Beth Chaplin Sade Ogunsola Akin Osibogun Fatima Onawoga Sarah John-Olabode Iorhen E. Akase Augustina Nwosu Donald J. Hamel Charlotte A. Chang Phyllis J. Kanki High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses Journal of Clinical Virology Plus COVID-19 SARS CoV-2 Healthcare workers Vaccine Antibody T-cell |
| title | High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses |
| title_full | High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses |
| title_fullStr | High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses |
| title_short | High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Lagos, Nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses |
| title_sort | high sars cov 2 seroprevalence in lagos nigeria with robust antibody and cellular immune responses |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS CoV-2 Healthcare workers Vaccine Antibody T-cell |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667038023000236 |
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