New Approach Evaluating Peatland Fires in Indonesian Factors
Until 2018, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was used as an explanation for fires in Indonesia’s peatlands. However, when the 2019 fires occurred independently of El Niño, more suitable indicators and methods were required to (a) analyze, (b) evaluate and (c) forecast peatland fires. In this...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2055 |
| _version_ | 1797564056258740224 |
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| author | Hiroshi Hayasaka Aswin Usup Daisuke Naito |
| author_facet | Hiroshi Hayasaka Aswin Usup Daisuke Naito |
| author_sort | Hiroshi Hayasaka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Until 2018, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was used as an explanation for fires in Indonesia’s peatlands. However, when the 2019 fires occurred independently of El Niño, more suitable indicators and methods were required to (a) analyze, (b) evaluate and (c) forecast peatland fires. In this study, we introduced the OLR–MC index—one of the rain-related indices derived from OLR (outgoing longwave radiation) in MC (maritime continent) area in Indonesia. This index showed stronger correlation with active peatland fires than the conventional ENSO index, and is likely to be able to respond to heat and dry weather supposed to be under climate-change conditions. We then analyzed peatland fires in the top six fire years from 2002 to 2018 and showed that peatland fires occurred in three stages—surface fire, shallow peatland fire and deep peatland fire. To explain each stage, we proposed a one-dimensional groundwater level (GWL) prediction model (named as MODEL-0). MODEL-0 predicts GWL from daily rainfall. Analysis using MODEL-0 showed the GWL thresholds for the three fire stages were between -300 mm and -500 mm; peatland fire activities during the three fire stages were dependent on these GWL values. The validity of MODEL-0 was shown by comparison with the measured values of GWL in the top three fire years. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:52:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0e81b32a780d43d8b55bf15ae7e88d9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:52:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-0e81b32a780d43d8b55bf15ae7e88d9c2023-11-20T05:00:53ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922020-06-011212205510.3390/rs12122055New Approach Evaluating Peatland Fires in Indonesian FactorsHiroshi Hayasaka0Aswin Usup1Daisuke Naito2Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0010021, JapanResearch Center for Fire Prevention and Land Rehabilitation, Palangka Raya University, Palangka Raya City 74874, Central Kalimantan, IndonesiaCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor 16115, IndonesiaUntil 2018, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was used as an explanation for fires in Indonesia’s peatlands. However, when the 2019 fires occurred independently of El Niño, more suitable indicators and methods were required to (a) analyze, (b) evaluate and (c) forecast peatland fires. In this study, we introduced the OLR–MC index—one of the rain-related indices derived from OLR (outgoing longwave radiation) in MC (maritime continent) area in Indonesia. This index showed stronger correlation with active peatland fires than the conventional ENSO index, and is likely to be able to respond to heat and dry weather supposed to be under climate-change conditions. We then analyzed peatland fires in the top six fire years from 2002 to 2018 and showed that peatland fires occurred in three stages—surface fire, shallow peatland fire and deep peatland fire. To explain each stage, we proposed a one-dimensional groundwater level (GWL) prediction model (named as MODEL-0). MODEL-0 predicts GWL from daily rainfall. Analysis using MODEL-0 showed the GWL thresholds for the three fire stages were between -300 mm and -500 mm; peatland fire activities during the three fire stages were dependent on these GWL values. The validity of MODEL-0 was shown by comparison with the measured values of GWL in the top three fire years.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2055peatland fireOLRENSOrainfalldroughtMRP |
| spellingShingle | Hiroshi Hayasaka Aswin Usup Daisuke Naito New Approach Evaluating Peatland Fires in Indonesian Factors Remote Sensing peatland fire OLR ENSO rainfall drought MRP |
| title | New Approach Evaluating Peatland Fires in Indonesian Factors |
| title_full | New Approach Evaluating Peatland Fires in Indonesian Factors |
| title_fullStr | New Approach Evaluating Peatland Fires in Indonesian Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Approach Evaluating Peatland Fires in Indonesian Factors |
| title_short | New Approach Evaluating Peatland Fires in Indonesian Factors |
| title_sort | new approach evaluating peatland fires in indonesian factors |
| topic | peatland fire OLR ENSO rainfall drought MRP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/12/2055 |
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