Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in sound
Recent research into how musicians coordinate their expressive timing, phrasing, articulation, dynamics, and other stylistic characteristics during performances has highlighted the role of predictive processes, as musicians must anticipate how their partners will play in order to be together. Severa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.982177/full |
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| author | Lucas Klein Lucas Klein Emily A. Wood Emily A. Wood Dan Bosnyak Dan Bosnyak Laurel J. Trainor Laurel J. Trainor Laurel J. Trainor |
| author_facet | Lucas Klein Lucas Klein Emily A. Wood Emily A. Wood Dan Bosnyak Dan Bosnyak Laurel J. Trainor Laurel J. Trainor Laurel J. Trainor |
| author_sort | Lucas Klein |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent research into how musicians coordinate their expressive timing, phrasing, articulation, dynamics, and other stylistic characteristics during performances has highlighted the role of predictive processes, as musicians must anticipate how their partners will play in order to be together. Several studies have used information flow techniques such as Granger causality to show that upcoming movements of a musician can be predicted from immediate past movements of fellow musicians. Although musicians must move to play their instruments, a major goal of music making is to create a joint interpretation through the sounds they produce. Yet, information flow techniques have not been applied previously to examine the role that fellow musicians' sound output plays in these predictive processes and whether this changes as they learn to play together. In the present experiment, we asked professional violinists to play along with recordings of two folk pieces, each eight times in succession, and compared the amplitude envelopes of their performances with those of the recordings using Granger causality to measure information flow and cross-correlation to measure similarity and synchronization. In line with our hypotheses, our measure of information flow was higher from the recordings to the performances than vice versa, and decreased as the violinists became more familiar with the recordings over trials. This decline in information flow is consistent with a gradual shift from relying on auditory cues to predict the recording to relying on an internally-based (learned) model built through repetition. There was also evidence that violinists became more synchronized with the recordings over trials. These results shed light on the planning and learning processes involved in the aligning of expressive intentions in group music performance and lay the groundwork for the application of Granger causality to investigate information flow through sound in more complex musical interactions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:29:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ea152d20f0b4c029a50d8c667b710f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:29:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ea152d20f0b4c029a50d8c667b710f82022-12-22T02:39:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612022-11-011610.3389/fnhum.2022.982177982177Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in soundLucas Klein0Lucas Klein1Emily A. Wood2Emily A. Wood3Dan Bosnyak4Dan Bosnyak5Laurel J. Trainor6Laurel J. Trainor7Laurel J. Trainor8McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaMcMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaMcMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaMcMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaDepartment of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaRotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, CanadaRecent research into how musicians coordinate their expressive timing, phrasing, articulation, dynamics, and other stylistic characteristics during performances has highlighted the role of predictive processes, as musicians must anticipate how their partners will play in order to be together. Several studies have used information flow techniques such as Granger causality to show that upcoming movements of a musician can be predicted from immediate past movements of fellow musicians. Although musicians must move to play their instruments, a major goal of music making is to create a joint interpretation through the sounds they produce. Yet, information flow techniques have not been applied previously to examine the role that fellow musicians' sound output plays in these predictive processes and whether this changes as they learn to play together. In the present experiment, we asked professional violinists to play along with recordings of two folk pieces, each eight times in succession, and compared the amplitude envelopes of their performances with those of the recordings using Granger causality to measure information flow and cross-correlation to measure similarity and synchronization. In line with our hypotheses, our measure of information flow was higher from the recordings to the performances than vice versa, and decreased as the violinists became more familiar with the recordings over trials. This decline in information flow is consistent with a gradual shift from relying on auditory cues to predict the recording to relying on an internally-based (learned) model built through repetition. There was also evidence that violinists became more synchronized with the recordings over trials. These results shed light on the planning and learning processes involved in the aligning of expressive intentions in group music performance and lay the groundwork for the application of Granger causality to investigate information flow through sound in more complex musical interactions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.982177/fullGranger causalitycross-correlationamplitude envelopesinformation flowmusic performanceexpressivity |
| spellingShingle | Lucas Klein Lucas Klein Emily A. Wood Emily A. Wood Dan Bosnyak Dan Bosnyak Laurel J. Trainor Laurel J. Trainor Laurel J. Trainor Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in sound Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Granger causality cross-correlation amplitude envelopes information flow music performance expressivity |
| title | Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in sound |
| title_full | Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in sound |
| title_fullStr | Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in sound |
| title_full_unstemmed | Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in sound |
| title_short | Follow the sound of my violin: Granger causality reflects information flow in sound |
| title_sort | follow the sound of my violin granger causality reflects information flow in sound |
| topic | Granger causality cross-correlation amplitude envelopes information flow music performance expressivity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2022.982177/full |
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