| Summary: | The rate capability and poor cycling stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are predominantly caused by the large volume expansion upon cycling and poor electrical conductivity of manganese dioxide (MnO<sub>2</sub>), which also exhibits the highest theoretical capacity among manganese oxides. In this study, a nanocomposite of nanosized MnO<sub>2</sub> and pyrolyzed nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) was prepared with high electrical conductivity to enhance the electrochemical performance of LIBs. The nanocomposite electrode showed an initial discharge capacity of 1302 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 100 mA g<sup>−1</sup> and exhibited a high discharge capacity of 305 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after 1000 cycles. Moreover, the MnO<sub>2</sub>-CNC nanocomposite delivered a good rate capability of up to 10 A g<sup>−1</sup> and accommodated the large volume change upon repeated cycling tests.
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