Role of Orexin in the Tolerance and Physical Dependence to Morphine
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Although opioid drugs cause analgesia and more effective in treatment of pain but, its utility is hindered by the development of tolerance to its analgesic effects. Orexin A and B (hypocretin 1 and 2) discovered in 1998 and projected to large areas of the brain regions invo...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Babol University of Medical Sciences
2014-12-01
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| Series: | Majallah-i Dānishgāh-i ̒Ulūm-i Pizishkī-i Bābul |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://jbums.org/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1453-3&slc_lang=en&sid=1 |
| Summary: | BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: Although opioid drugs cause analgesia and more effective in
treatment of pain but, its utility is hindered by the development of tolerance
to its analgesic effects. Orexin A and B (hypocretin 1 and 2) discovered in
1998 and projected to large areas of the brain regions involved in the
tolerance and dependence to morphine. The attenuated withdrawal syndrome seen
in orexinknock-out mice suggests that such regulation of orexin neurons may be
an important contributor to morphine physical dependence and to the expression
of withdrawal.
METHODS: This systematic review conducted on articles
published on orexin from 1998 to 2012 in the following electronic databases:
Medline, Pubmed, ISI and Scopus by using keywords including morphine,
orexin, tolerance and dependence.
FINDINGS:
Although morphine-tolerance tended to develop in response to repeated
injections of morphine, pre-treatment of OXR1 antagonist prevented this effect,
causing a delay in the development of morphine-tolerance. Moreover, co-administration
of orexin receptor 1 antagonist with morphine significantly decreased the
somatic signs of withdrawal.
CONCLUSION:This
suggested development of orexin receptor antagonists could prevent the
development of tolerance and dependence to morphine. |
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| ISSN: | 1561-4107 2251-7170 |