Detection of <i>Monilia</i> Contamination in Plum and Plum Juice with NIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Tongue
Plums are one of the commercially important stone fruits that are available on the market in both fresh and processed form and the most sought-after products are prunes, cans, jams, and juices. Maturity, harvest, and post-harvest technologies fundamentally determine the relatively short shelf life o...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Chemosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/12/355 |
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| author | Flora Vitalis David Tjandra Nugraha Balkis Aouadi Juan Pablo Aguinaga Bósquez Zsanett Bodor John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu Tamás Kocsis Viktória Zsom-Muha Zoltan Gillay Zoltan Kovacs |
| author_facet | Flora Vitalis David Tjandra Nugraha Balkis Aouadi Juan Pablo Aguinaga Bósquez Zsanett Bodor John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu Tamás Kocsis Viktória Zsom-Muha Zoltan Gillay Zoltan Kovacs |
| author_sort | Flora Vitalis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plums are one of the commercially important stone fruits that are available on the market in both fresh and processed form and the most sought-after products are prunes, cans, jams, and juices. Maturity, harvest, and post-harvest technologies fundamentally determine the relatively short shelf life of plums which is often threatened by <i>Monilinia</i> spp. Causing brown rot worldwide. The aim of the present research was to use advanced analytical techniques, such as hand-held near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electronic tongue (e-tongue) to detect <i>M. fructigena</i> fungal infection on plums and quantify this fungal contamination in raw plum juices. For this purpose, plums were inoculated with fungal mycelia in different ways (control, intact, and through injury) and stored under different conditions (5 °C, and 24 °C) for eight days. The results obtained with the two instruments were analyzed with chemometric methods, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The NIRS-based method proved successful when detectability before the appearance of visible signs of the infection was studied. E-tongue was able to detect and quantify the concentration of juice derived from plum developed with <i>M. fructigena</i> with RMSECV lower than 5% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>. Overall, the two methods proved to be suitable for discriminating between the treatment groups, however, the classification accuracy was higher for samples stored at 24 °C. The research results show both NIRS and e-tongue are beneficial methods to reduce food waste by providing rapid determination of fruit quality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:24:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ebd237a0a1c435c89fd051e339491a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:24:29Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ebd237a0a1c435c89fd051e339491a52023-11-23T07:41:32ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402021-12-0191235510.3390/chemosensors9120355Detection of <i>Monilia</i> Contamination in Plum and Plum Juice with NIR Spectroscopy and Electronic TongueFlora Vitalis0David Tjandra Nugraha1Balkis Aouadi2Juan Pablo Aguinaga Bósquez3Zsanett Bodor4John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu5Tamás Kocsis6Viktória Zsom-Muha7Zoltan Gillay8Zoltan Kovacs9Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Biosystems-MeBioS, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, BelgiumInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi 00233, GhanaInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, HungaryInstitute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1118 Budapest, HungaryPlums are one of the commercially important stone fruits that are available on the market in both fresh and processed form and the most sought-after products are prunes, cans, jams, and juices. Maturity, harvest, and post-harvest technologies fundamentally determine the relatively short shelf life of plums which is often threatened by <i>Monilinia</i> spp. Causing brown rot worldwide. The aim of the present research was to use advanced analytical techniques, such as hand-held near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electronic tongue (e-tongue) to detect <i>M. fructigena</i> fungal infection on plums and quantify this fungal contamination in raw plum juices. For this purpose, plums were inoculated with fungal mycelia in different ways (control, intact, and through injury) and stored under different conditions (5 °C, and 24 °C) for eight days. The results obtained with the two instruments were analyzed with chemometric methods, such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The NIRS-based method proved successful when detectability before the appearance of visible signs of the infection was studied. E-tongue was able to detect and quantify the concentration of juice derived from plum developed with <i>M. fructigena</i> with RMSECV lower than 5% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>. Overall, the two methods proved to be suitable for discriminating between the treatment groups, however, the classification accuracy was higher for samples stored at 24 °C. The research results show both NIRS and e-tongue are beneficial methods to reduce food waste by providing rapid determination of fruit quality.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/12/355authenticationchemometricsfruit shelf lifeearly detection of fungi infectionfingerprint analysis |
| spellingShingle | Flora Vitalis David Tjandra Nugraha Balkis Aouadi Juan Pablo Aguinaga Bósquez Zsanett Bodor John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu Tamás Kocsis Viktória Zsom-Muha Zoltan Gillay Zoltan Kovacs Detection of <i>Monilia</i> Contamination in Plum and Plum Juice with NIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Tongue Chemosensors authentication chemometrics fruit shelf life early detection of fungi infection fingerprint analysis |
| title | Detection of <i>Monilia</i> Contamination in Plum and Plum Juice with NIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Tongue |
| title_full | Detection of <i>Monilia</i> Contamination in Plum and Plum Juice with NIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Tongue |
| title_fullStr | Detection of <i>Monilia</i> Contamination in Plum and Plum Juice with NIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Tongue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of <i>Monilia</i> Contamination in Plum and Plum Juice with NIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Tongue |
| title_short | Detection of <i>Monilia</i> Contamination in Plum and Plum Juice with NIR Spectroscopy and Electronic Tongue |
| title_sort | detection of i monilia i contamination in plum and plum juice with nir spectroscopy and electronic tongue |
| topic | authentication chemometrics fruit shelf life early detection of fungi infection fingerprint analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/12/355 |
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