Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) Cultivation
European hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) is a shrub native to temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, and it is the most important species among the <i>Corylus</i> genus, mainly due to its high kernel demand from the confectionery industry. Its spontaneous habitus i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3416 |
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| author | Alberto Pacchiarelli Cristian Silvestri Valerio Cristofori |
| author_facet | Alberto Pacchiarelli Cristian Silvestri Valerio Cristofori |
| author_sort | Alberto Pacchiarelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | European hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) is a shrub native to temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, and it is the most important species among the <i>Corylus</i> genus, mainly due to its high kernel demand from the confectionery industry. Its spontaneous habitus is characterized by a bushy shape, formed by numerous lignified stems generated by seasonal emission of suckers, which develop from adventitious buds inserted in the collar of stems, or more generally from the stump. Despite the agronomic role of suckers, which are often used to replace diseased, old, or poorly oriented branches, they compete with the plant for water and nutrient uptake, negatively influencing its growth and yield. In addition to promoting mechanical applications during the hazelnut orchard management, sucker removal is a required agronomic operation that must be carried out yearly during the growing season, making this practice expensive and time consuming, especially when performed manually. To date, there are several techniques for hazelnut sucker management, and their application depends on several factors, such as the size of the farm, model of cultivation (conventional or organic), soil orography, and plant training system. This review discusses the most widespread methods applied for sucker control, including manual, mechanical, physical, and chemical control (flame and steam), use of non-suckering rootstocks, disbudding, mulching, nitrogen solution applications, and new automatized control techniques recently proposed at the experimental level, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:57:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ed78cac02414786b57942f3d0f6bbb8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:57:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ed78cac02414786b57942f3d0f6bbb82023-11-24T17:26:53ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-12-011124341610.3390/plants11243416Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) CultivationAlberto Pacchiarelli0Cristian Silvestri1Valerio Cristofori2Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, Via San Camillo De Lellis s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, ItalyEuropean hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) is a shrub native to temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, and it is the most important species among the <i>Corylus</i> genus, mainly due to its high kernel demand from the confectionery industry. Its spontaneous habitus is characterized by a bushy shape, formed by numerous lignified stems generated by seasonal emission of suckers, which develop from adventitious buds inserted in the collar of stems, or more generally from the stump. Despite the agronomic role of suckers, which are often used to replace diseased, old, or poorly oriented branches, they compete with the plant for water and nutrient uptake, negatively influencing its growth and yield. In addition to promoting mechanical applications during the hazelnut orchard management, sucker removal is a required agronomic operation that must be carried out yearly during the growing season, making this practice expensive and time consuming, especially when performed manually. To date, there are several techniques for hazelnut sucker management, and their application depends on several factors, such as the size of the farm, model of cultivation (conventional or organic), soil orography, and plant training system. This review discusses the most widespread methods applied for sucker control, including manual, mechanical, physical, and chemical control (flame and steam), use of non-suckering rootstocks, disbudding, mulching, nitrogen solution applications, and new automatized control techniques recently proposed at the experimental level, analyzing their advantages and disadvantages.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3416<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.suckers’ managementherbicidesnon-suckering rootstocksgrafted plants |
| spellingShingle | Alberto Pacchiarelli Cristian Silvestri Valerio Cristofori Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) Cultivation Plants <i>Corylus avellana</i> L. suckers’ management herbicides non-suckering rootstocks grafted plants |
| title | Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_full | Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_short | Advances in Sucker Control for Sustainable European Hazelnut (<i>Corylus avellana</i> L.) Cultivation |
| title_sort | advances in sucker control for sustainable european hazelnut i corylus avellana i l cultivation |
| topic | <i>Corylus avellana</i> L. suckers’ management herbicides non-suckering rootstocks grafted plants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/24/3416 |
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