Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with Lignocellulose
Simultaneous removal of mycotoxins has been poorly addressed, and a limited number of studies have reported the efficacy of feed additives in sequestering a large spectrum of mycotoxins. In this study, a new mycotoxin-adsorbing agent was obtained by properly mixing a tri-octahedral smectite with a l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/6/393 |
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| author | Donato Greco Vito D’Ascanio Mariagrazia Abbasciano Elisa Santovito Antonella Garbetta Antonio F. Logrieco Giuseppina Avantaggiato |
| author_facet | Donato Greco Vito D’Ascanio Mariagrazia Abbasciano Elisa Santovito Antonella Garbetta Antonio F. Logrieco Giuseppina Avantaggiato |
| author_sort | Donato Greco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Simultaneous removal of mycotoxins has been poorly addressed, and a limited number of studies have reported the efficacy of feed additives in sequestering a large spectrum of mycotoxins. In this study, a new mycotoxin-adsorbing agent was obtained by properly mixing a tri-octahedral smectite with a lignocellulose-based material. At a dosage of 1 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>, these materials simultaneously adsorbed frequently occurring mycotoxins and did not exert a cytotoxic effect on intestinal cells. Chyme samples obtained by a simulated GI digestion did not affect the viability of Caco-2TC7 cells as measured by the MTT test. In addition, the chyme of the lignocellulose showed a high content of polyphenols (210 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> catechin equivalent) and good antioxidant activity. The properties of the individual constituents were maintained in the final composite, and were unaffected by their combination. When tested with a pool of seven mycotoxins at 1 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> each and pH 5, the composite (5 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>) simultaneously sequestered AFB<sub>1</sub> (95%), FB<sub>1</sub> (99%), ZEA (93%), OTA (80%), T-2 (63%), and DON (22%). HT-2 adsorption did not occur. Mycotoxin adsorption increased exponentially as dosage increased, and occurred at physiological pH values. AFB<sub>1</sub>, ZEA and T-2 adsorption was not affected by pH in the range 3–9, whereas OTA and FB<sub>1</sub> were adsorbed at pH values of 3–5. The adsorbed amount of AFB<sub>1</sub>, ZEA and T-2 was not released when pH rose from 3 to 7. FB<sub>1</sub> and OTA desorption was less than 38%. Langmuir adsorption isotherms revealed high capacity and affinity for adsorption of the target mycotoxins. Results of this study are promising and show the potential of the new composite to remove mycotoxins in practical scenarios where several mycotoxins can co-occur. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:18:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ed7d2cd41694756819c222db90a91db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:18:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ed7d2cd41694756819c222db90a91db2023-11-23T19:17:10ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-06-0114639310.3390/toxins14060393Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with LignocelluloseDonato Greco0Vito D’Ascanio1Mariagrazia Abbasciano2Elisa Santovito3Antonella Garbetta4Antonio F. Logrieco5Giuseppina Avantaggiato6Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, ItalyInstitute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, ItalySimultaneous removal of mycotoxins has been poorly addressed, and a limited number of studies have reported the efficacy of feed additives in sequestering a large spectrum of mycotoxins. In this study, a new mycotoxin-adsorbing agent was obtained by properly mixing a tri-octahedral smectite with a lignocellulose-based material. At a dosage of 1 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>, these materials simultaneously adsorbed frequently occurring mycotoxins and did not exert a cytotoxic effect on intestinal cells. Chyme samples obtained by a simulated GI digestion did not affect the viability of Caco-2TC7 cells as measured by the MTT test. In addition, the chyme of the lignocellulose showed a high content of polyphenols (210 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> catechin equivalent) and good antioxidant activity. The properties of the individual constituents were maintained in the final composite, and were unaffected by their combination. When tested with a pool of seven mycotoxins at 1 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> each and pH 5, the composite (5 mg mL<sup>−1</sup>) simultaneously sequestered AFB<sub>1</sub> (95%), FB<sub>1</sub> (99%), ZEA (93%), OTA (80%), T-2 (63%), and DON (22%). HT-2 adsorption did not occur. Mycotoxin adsorption increased exponentially as dosage increased, and occurred at physiological pH values. AFB<sub>1</sub>, ZEA and T-2 adsorption was not affected by pH in the range 3–9, whereas OTA and FB<sub>1</sub> were adsorbed at pH values of 3–5. The adsorbed amount of AFB<sub>1</sub>, ZEA and T-2 was not released when pH rose from 3 to 7. FB<sub>1</sub> and OTA desorption was less than 38%. Langmuir adsorption isotherms revealed high capacity and affinity for adsorption of the target mycotoxins. Results of this study are promising and show the potential of the new composite to remove mycotoxins in practical scenarios where several mycotoxins can co-occur.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/6/393mycotoxinsdetoxifying agentstri-octahedral smectiteslignocellulose-based materialsantioxidant activityfeed additives |
| spellingShingle | Donato Greco Vito D’Ascanio Mariagrazia Abbasciano Elisa Santovito Antonella Garbetta Antonio F. Logrieco Giuseppina Avantaggiato Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with Lignocellulose Toxins mycotoxins detoxifying agents tri-octahedral smectites lignocellulose-based materials antioxidant activity feed additives |
| title | Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with Lignocellulose |
| title_full | Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with Lignocellulose |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with Lignocellulose |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with Lignocellulose |
| title_short | Simultaneous Removal of Mycotoxins by a New Feed Additive Containing a Tri-Octahedral Smectite Mixed with Lignocellulose |
| title_sort | simultaneous removal of mycotoxins by a new feed additive containing a tri octahedral smectite mixed with lignocellulose |
| topic | mycotoxins detoxifying agents tri-octahedral smectites lignocellulose-based materials antioxidant activity feed additives |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/6/393 |
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