Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain)
Temperature and conductivity fluctuations caused by the hydrothermal emissions released during the degasification stage of the Tagoro submarine volcano (Canary Islands, Spain) have been analysed as a robust proxy for characterising and forecasting the activity of the system. A total of 21 conductivi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Geosciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/9/374 |
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| author | Anna Olivé Abelló Beatriz Vinha Francisco Machín Francesco Zerbetto Evangelos Bakalis Eugenio Fraile-Nuez |
| author_facet | Anna Olivé Abelló Beatriz Vinha Francisco Machín Francesco Zerbetto Evangelos Bakalis Eugenio Fraile-Nuez |
| author_sort | Anna Olivé Abelló |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Temperature and conductivity fluctuations caused by the hydrothermal emissions released during the degasification stage of the Tagoro submarine volcano (Canary Islands, Spain) have been analysed as a robust proxy for characterising and forecasting the activity of the system. A total of 21 conductivity-temperature-depth time series were gathered on a regular high-resolution grid over the main crater of Tagoro volcano. Temperature and conductivity time series, as manifestations of stochastic events, were investigated in terms of variance and analysed by the Generalised Moments Method (GMM). GMM provides the statistical moments, the structure functions of a process whose shape is an indicator of the underlying stochastic mechanisms and the state of activity of the submarine volcano. Our findings confirm an active hydrothermal process in the submarine volcano with a sub-normal behaviour resulting from anti-persistent fluctuations in time. Its hydrothermal emissions are classified as multifractal processes whose structure functions present a crossover between two time scales. In the shorter time scale, findings point to the multiplicative action of two random processes, hydrothermal vents, which carries those fluctuations driving the circulation over the crater, and the overlying aquatic environment. Given that both temperature and conductivity fluctuations are nonstationary, Tagoro submarine volcano can be characterised as an open system exchanging energy to its surroundings. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3263 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:38:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
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| series | Geosciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ee6e992bf6b4ab389e25869fb29eb3f2023-11-22T13:15:58ZengMDPI AGGeosciences2076-32632021-09-0111937410.3390/geosciences11090374Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain)Anna Olivé Abelló0Beatriz Vinha1Francisco Machín2Francesco Zerbetto3Evangelos Bakalis4Eugenio Fraile-Nuez5Departament d’Oceanografia Física i Tecnològica, Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, SpainCentro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Física, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainDipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyCentro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, SpainTemperature and conductivity fluctuations caused by the hydrothermal emissions released during the degasification stage of the Tagoro submarine volcano (Canary Islands, Spain) have been analysed as a robust proxy for characterising and forecasting the activity of the system. A total of 21 conductivity-temperature-depth time series were gathered on a regular high-resolution grid over the main crater of Tagoro volcano. Temperature and conductivity time series, as manifestations of stochastic events, were investigated in terms of variance and analysed by the Generalised Moments Method (GMM). GMM provides the statistical moments, the structure functions of a process whose shape is an indicator of the underlying stochastic mechanisms and the state of activity of the submarine volcano. Our findings confirm an active hydrothermal process in the submarine volcano with a sub-normal behaviour resulting from anti-persistent fluctuations in time. Its hydrothermal emissions are classified as multifractal processes whose structure functions present a crossover between two time scales. In the shorter time scale, findings point to the multiplicative action of two random processes, hydrothermal vents, which carries those fluctuations driving the circulation over the crater, and the overlying aquatic environment. Given that both temperature and conductivity fluctuations are nonstationary, Tagoro submarine volcano can be characterised as an open system exchanging energy to its surroundings.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/9/374Tagoro submarine volcanotime seriesvolcanic activitygeneralised moments methodstochastic processes |
| spellingShingle | Anna Olivé Abelló Beatriz Vinha Francisco Machín Francesco Zerbetto Evangelos Bakalis Eugenio Fraile-Nuez Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain) Geosciences Tagoro submarine volcano time series volcanic activity generalised moments method stochastic processes |
| title | Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain) |
| title_full | Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain) |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain) |
| title_short | Analysis of Volcanic Thermohaline Fluctuations of Tagoro Submarine Volcano (El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, Spain) |
| title_sort | analysis of volcanic thermohaline fluctuations of tagoro submarine volcano el hierro island canary islands spain |
| topic | Tagoro submarine volcano time series volcanic activity generalised moments method stochastic processes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/11/9/374 |
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