MKK4/5-MPK3/6 Cascade Regulates Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Modulating Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a specialized plant pathogen that causes crown gall disease and is commonly used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. As a pathogen, Agrobacterium triggers plant immunity, which affects transformation. However, the signaling components and pathways in plant immunit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.731690/full |
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| author | Tengfei Liu Li Cao Yuanyuan Cheng Jing Ji Yongshu Wei Chenchen Wang Kaixuan Duan |
| author_facet | Tengfei Liu Li Cao Yuanyuan Cheng Jing Ji Yongshu Wei Chenchen Wang Kaixuan Duan |
| author_sort | Tengfei Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a specialized plant pathogen that causes crown gall disease and is commonly used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. As a pathogen, Agrobacterium triggers plant immunity, which affects transformation. However, the signaling components and pathways in plant immunity to Agrobacterium remain elusive. We demonstrate that two Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs) MKK4/MKK5 and their downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK3/MPK6 play major roles in both Agrobacterium-triggered immunity and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Agrobacteria induce MPK3/MPK6 activity and the expression of plant defense response genes at a very early stage. This process is dependent on the MKK4/MKK5 function. The loss of the function of MKK4 and MKK5 or their downstream MPK3 and MPK6 abolishes plant immunity to agrobacteria and increases transformation frequency, whereas the activation of MKK4 and MKK5 enhances plant immunity and represses transformation. Global transcriptome analysis indicates that agrobacteria induce various plant defense pathways, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid- (SA-) mediated defense responses, and that MKK4/MKK5 is essential for the induction of these pathways. The activation of MKK4 and MKK5 promotes ROS production and cell death during agrobacteria infection. Based on these results, we propose that the MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade is an essential signaling pathway regulating Agrobacterium-mediated transformation through the modulation of Agrobacterium-triggered plant immunity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:51:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ee7b760193c4a11a927543d6ff520bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:51:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ee7b760193c4a11a927543d6ff520bb2022-12-21T22:22:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2021-09-011210.3389/fpls.2021.731690731690MKK4/5-MPK3/6 Cascade Regulates Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Modulating Plant Immunity in ArabidopsisTengfei LiuLi CaoYuanyuan ChengJing JiYongshu WeiChenchen WangKaixuan DuanAgrobacterium tumefaciens is a specialized plant pathogen that causes crown gall disease and is commonly used for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. As a pathogen, Agrobacterium triggers plant immunity, which affects transformation. However, the signaling components and pathways in plant immunity to Agrobacterium remain elusive. We demonstrate that two Arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs) MKK4/MKK5 and their downstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) MPK3/MPK6 play major roles in both Agrobacterium-triggered immunity and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Agrobacteria induce MPK3/MPK6 activity and the expression of plant defense response genes at a very early stage. This process is dependent on the MKK4/MKK5 function. The loss of the function of MKK4 and MKK5 or their downstream MPK3 and MPK6 abolishes plant immunity to agrobacteria and increases transformation frequency, whereas the activation of MKK4 and MKK5 enhances plant immunity and represses transformation. Global transcriptome analysis indicates that agrobacteria induce various plant defense pathways, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid- (SA-) mediated defense responses, and that MKK4/MKK5 is essential for the induction of these pathways. The activation of MKK4 and MKK5 promotes ROS production and cell death during agrobacteria infection. Based on these results, we propose that the MKK4/5-MPK3/6 cascade is an essential signaling pathway regulating Agrobacterium-mediated transformation through the modulation of Agrobacterium-triggered plant immunity.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.731690/fullAgrobacterium-mediated transformationMKK4/MKK5MPK3/MPK6plant immunityArabidopsis |
| spellingShingle | Tengfei Liu Li Cao Yuanyuan Cheng Jing Ji Yongshu Wei Chenchen Wang Kaixuan Duan MKK4/5-MPK3/6 Cascade Regulates Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Modulating Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis Frontiers in Plant Science Agrobacterium-mediated transformation MKK4/MKK5 MPK3/MPK6 plant immunity Arabidopsis |
| title | MKK4/5-MPK3/6 Cascade Regulates Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Modulating Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | MKK4/5-MPK3/6 Cascade Regulates Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Modulating Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | MKK4/5-MPK3/6 Cascade Regulates Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Modulating Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | MKK4/5-MPK3/6 Cascade Regulates Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Modulating Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | MKK4/5-MPK3/6 Cascade Regulates Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation by Modulating Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | mkk4 5 mpk3 6 cascade regulates agrobacterium mediated transformation by modulating plant immunity in arabidopsis |
| topic | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation MKK4/MKK5 MPK3/MPK6 plant immunity Arabidopsis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.731690/full |
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