High Sensitivity of the Tiger Beetle, <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, to Toxicity from Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids, and Implications for Ecosystem Function and Species Extinctions
Risks to non-target species from pesticides have been a concern since the 1960s, but non-target arthropods have never received the attention as have non-target vertebrate species. Pesticide exposure could be a contributing factor in the decline of the endangered <i>Cicindela nevadica lincolnia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Conservation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7159/3/1/14 |
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| author | Sheri Svehla Tierney Brosius Leon Higley Tom Hunt |
| author_facet | Sheri Svehla Tierney Brosius Leon Higley Tom Hunt |
| author_sort | Sheri Svehla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Risks to non-target species from pesticides have been a concern since the 1960s, but non-target arthropods have never received the attention as have non-target vertebrate species. Pesticide exposure could be a contributing factor in the decline of the endangered <i>Cicindela nevadica lincolniana</i>, as well as declines in predaceous and pollinating insects. Consequently, we examined susceptibility to three common pesticides (glyphosate, bifenthrin, and imidacloprid) of larvae of <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, a co-occurring species with <i>Cicindela nevadica lincolniana</i> and a potential model species for insect predators generally. Toxicity was tested by direct, 24-h exposure by contact to larvae. No toxicity from glyphosate was observed at any of the doses tested, nor was death in any controls observed. In contrast, <i>C. circumpicta</i> showed alarmingly high sensitivity to small amounts of both imidacloprid and bifenthrin, two of the most widely used insecticides worldwide. This level of toxicity shows a 3-fold higher sensitivity than reported for insect pollinators. The high sensitivity of tiger beetles to neonicotinoids, and the wide and continual use of this pesticide, strongly indicates the potential for declines in larval insect predators generally, and with the decline of <i>C. n. lincolniana</i> specifically. Results suggest that the focus of the concern for non-target impacts from neonicotinoids should be expanded for insect natural enemies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:42:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ef42ceb6ba14ef69389e23ca917fd35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-7159 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:42:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Conservation |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ef42ceb6ba14ef69389e23ca917fd352023-11-17T10:27:12ZengMDPI AGConservation2673-71592023-03-013119119810.3390/conservation3010014High Sensitivity of the Tiger Beetle, <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, to Toxicity from Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids, and Implications for Ecosystem Function and Species ExtinctionsSheri Svehla0Tierney Brosius1Leon Higley2Tom Hunt3Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USADepartment of Biology, Augustana College, Rock Island, IL 61210, USASchool of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USADepartment of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USARisks to non-target species from pesticides have been a concern since the 1960s, but non-target arthropods have never received the attention as have non-target vertebrate species. Pesticide exposure could be a contributing factor in the decline of the endangered <i>Cicindela nevadica lincolniana</i>, as well as declines in predaceous and pollinating insects. Consequently, we examined susceptibility to three common pesticides (glyphosate, bifenthrin, and imidacloprid) of larvae of <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, a co-occurring species with <i>Cicindela nevadica lincolniana</i> and a potential model species for insect predators generally. Toxicity was tested by direct, 24-h exposure by contact to larvae. No toxicity from glyphosate was observed at any of the doses tested, nor was death in any controls observed. In contrast, <i>C. circumpicta</i> showed alarmingly high sensitivity to small amounts of both imidacloprid and bifenthrin, two of the most widely used insecticides worldwide. This level of toxicity shows a 3-fold higher sensitivity than reported for insect pollinators. The high sensitivity of tiger beetles to neonicotinoids, and the wide and continual use of this pesticide, strongly indicates the potential for declines in larval insect predators generally, and with the decline of <i>C. n. lincolniana</i> specifically. Results suggest that the focus of the concern for non-target impacts from neonicotinoids should be expanded for insect natural enemies.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7159/3/1/14pesticide riskinsect conservationnon-target species |
| spellingShingle | Sheri Svehla Tierney Brosius Leon Higley Tom Hunt High Sensitivity of the Tiger Beetle, <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, to Toxicity from Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids, and Implications for Ecosystem Function and Species Extinctions Conservation pesticide risk insect conservation non-target species |
| title | High Sensitivity of the Tiger Beetle, <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, to Toxicity from Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids, and Implications for Ecosystem Function and Species Extinctions |
| title_full | High Sensitivity of the Tiger Beetle, <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, to Toxicity from Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids, and Implications for Ecosystem Function and Species Extinctions |
| title_fullStr | High Sensitivity of the Tiger Beetle, <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, to Toxicity from Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids, and Implications for Ecosystem Function and Species Extinctions |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Sensitivity of the Tiger Beetle, <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, to Toxicity from Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids, and Implications for Ecosystem Function and Species Extinctions |
| title_short | High Sensitivity of the Tiger Beetle, <i>Cicindela circumpicta</i>, to Toxicity from Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids, and Implications for Ecosystem Function and Species Extinctions |
| title_sort | high sensitivity of the tiger beetle i cicindela circumpicta i to toxicity from pyrethroids and neonicotinoids and implications for ecosystem function and species extinctions |
| topic | pesticide risk insect conservation non-target species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7159/3/1/14 |
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