Acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin-1β levels in a rat model of Lyme neuroborreliosis
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have found that acetate supplementation significantly reduces neuroglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a rat model of neuroinflammation induced with lipopolysaccharide. To test if the anti-inflammatory effect...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/9/1/249 |
| _version_ | 1819137370922942464 |
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| author | Brissette Catherine A Houdek Heidi M Floden Angela M Rosenberger Thad A |
| author_facet | Brissette Catherine A Houdek Heidi M Floden Angela M Rosenberger Thad A |
| author_sort | Brissette Catherine A |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have found that acetate supplementation significantly reduces neuroglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a rat model of neuroinflammation induced with lipopolysaccharide. To test if the anti-inflammatory effect of acetate supplementation is specific to a TLR4-mediated injury, we measured markers of neuroglia activation in rats subjected to <it>B. burgdorferi</it>-induced neuroborreliosis that is mediated in large part by a TLR2-type mechanism.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, rats were subjected to Lyme neuroborreliosis following an intravenous infusion of <it>B. burgdorferi</it> (B31-MI-16). Acetate supplementation was induced using glyceryl triacetate (6g/kg) by oral gavage. Immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and western blot analyses were used to measure bacterial invasion into the brain, neuroglial activation, and brain and circulating levels of interleukin 1β. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey’s post hoc tests or using a Student’s <it>t</it> test assuming unequal variances when appropriate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that acetate supplementation significantly reduced microglia activation by 2-fold as determined by immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. Further, acetate supplementation also reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β by 2-fold as compared to controls. On the other hand, the inoculation of rats with <it>B. burgdorferi</it> had no effect on astroglial activation as determined by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis despite significant increases in circulation levels of antigen toward <it>B. burgdorferi</it> and presence of the bacteria in the central nervous system.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that microglial activation is an essential component to neuroborreliosis and that acetate supplementation may be an effective treatment to reduce injury phenotype and possibly injury progression in Lyme neuroborreliosis.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:49:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ef5f795eec647aeab3bfe82e37fada3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-2094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T10:49:48Z |
| publishDate | 2012-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ef5f795eec647aeab3bfe82e37fada32022-12-21T18:28:49ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942012-11-019124910.1186/1742-2094-9-249Acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin-1β levels in a rat model of Lyme neuroborreliosisBrissette Catherine AHoudek Heidi MFloden Angela MRosenberger Thad A<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We have found that acetate supplementation significantly reduces neuroglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in a rat model of neuroinflammation induced with lipopolysaccharide. To test if the anti-inflammatory effect of acetate supplementation is specific to a TLR4-mediated injury, we measured markers of neuroglia activation in rats subjected to <it>B. burgdorferi</it>-induced neuroborreliosis that is mediated in large part by a TLR2-type mechanism.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study, rats were subjected to Lyme neuroborreliosis following an intravenous infusion of <it>B. burgdorferi</it> (B31-MI-16). Acetate supplementation was induced using glyceryl triacetate (6g/kg) by oral gavage. Immunohistochemistry, qPCR, and western blot analyses were used to measure bacterial invasion into the brain, neuroglial activation, and brain and circulating levels of interleukin 1β. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a Tukey’s post hoc tests or using a Student’s <it>t</it> test assuming unequal variances when appropriate.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that acetate supplementation significantly reduced microglia activation by 2-fold as determined by immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. Further, acetate supplementation also reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β by 2-fold as compared to controls. On the other hand, the inoculation of rats with <it>B. burgdorferi</it> had no effect on astroglial activation as determined by immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis despite significant increases in circulation levels of antigen toward <it>B. burgdorferi</it> and presence of the bacteria in the central nervous system.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that microglial activation is an essential component to neuroborreliosis and that acetate supplementation may be an effective treatment to reduce injury phenotype and possibly injury progression in Lyme neuroborreliosis.</p>http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/9/1/249NeuroborreliosisMicrogliaAstrocytesNeuroinflammationAcetate |
| spellingShingle | Brissette Catherine A Houdek Heidi M Floden Angela M Rosenberger Thad A Acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin-1β levels in a rat model of Lyme neuroborreliosis Journal of Neuroinflammation Neuroborreliosis Microglia Astrocytes Neuroinflammation Acetate |
| title | Acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin-1β levels in a rat model of Lyme neuroborreliosis |
| title_full | Acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin-1β levels in a rat model of Lyme neuroborreliosis |
| title_fullStr | Acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin-1β levels in a rat model of Lyme neuroborreliosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin-1β levels in a rat model of Lyme neuroborreliosis |
| title_short | Acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin-1β levels in a rat model of Lyme neuroborreliosis |
| title_sort | acetate supplementation reduces microglia activation and brain interleukin 1β levels in a rat model of lyme neuroborreliosis |
| topic | Neuroborreliosis Microglia Astrocytes Neuroinflammation Acetate |
| url | http://www.jneuroinflammation.com/content/9/1/249 |
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