Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes.
Integration into the nuclear genome of germ line cells can lead to vertical inheritance of retroviral genes as host alleles. For other viruses, germ line integration has only rarely been documented. Nonetheless, we identified endogenous viral elements (EVEs) derived from ten non-retroviral families...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2010-11-01
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| Series: | PLoS Genetics |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21124940/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1818436395894571008 |
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| author | Aris Katzourakis Robert J Gifford |
| author_facet | Aris Katzourakis Robert J Gifford |
| author_sort | Aris Katzourakis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Integration into the nuclear genome of germ line cells can lead to vertical inheritance of retroviral genes as host alleles. For other viruses, germ line integration has only rarely been documented. Nonetheless, we identified endogenous viral elements (EVEs) derived from ten non-retroviral families by systematic in silico screening of animal genomes, including the first endogenous representatives of double-stranded RNA, reverse-transcribing DNA, and segmented RNA viruses, and the first endogenous DNA viruses in mammalian genomes. Phylogenetic and genomic analysis of EVEs across multiple host species revealed novel information about the origin and evolution of diverse virus groups. Furthermore, several of the elements identified here encode intact open reading frames or are expressed as mRNA. For one element in the primate lineage, we provide statistically robust evidence for exaptation. Our findings establish that genetic material derived from all known viral genome types and replication strategies can enter the animal germ line, greatly broadening the scope of paleovirological studies and indicating a more significant evolutionary role for gene flow from virus to animal genomes than has previously been recognized. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:08:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0ef96291f1d74696bee94ce54d393d76 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7390 1553-7404 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:08:06Z |
| publishDate | 2010-11-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0ef96291f1d74696bee94ce54d393d762022-12-21T22:53:40ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042010-11-01611e100119110.1371/journal.pgen.1001191Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes.Aris KatzourakisRobert J GiffordIntegration into the nuclear genome of germ line cells can lead to vertical inheritance of retroviral genes as host alleles. For other viruses, germ line integration has only rarely been documented. Nonetheless, we identified endogenous viral elements (EVEs) derived from ten non-retroviral families by systematic in silico screening of animal genomes, including the first endogenous representatives of double-stranded RNA, reverse-transcribing DNA, and segmented RNA viruses, and the first endogenous DNA viruses in mammalian genomes. Phylogenetic and genomic analysis of EVEs across multiple host species revealed novel information about the origin and evolution of diverse virus groups. Furthermore, several of the elements identified here encode intact open reading frames or are expressed as mRNA. For one element in the primate lineage, we provide statistically robust evidence for exaptation. Our findings establish that genetic material derived from all known viral genome types and replication strategies can enter the animal germ line, greatly broadening the scope of paleovirological studies and indicating a more significant evolutionary role for gene flow from virus to animal genomes than has previously been recognized.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21124940/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Aris Katzourakis Robert J Gifford Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes. PLoS Genetics |
| title | Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes. |
| title_full | Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes. |
| title_fullStr | Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes. |
| title_short | Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes. |
| title_sort | endogenous viral elements in animal genomes |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21124940/?tool=EBI |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ariskatzourakis endogenousviralelementsinanimalgenomes AT robertjgifford endogenousviralelementsinanimalgenomes |