Field-friendly anti-PGL-I serosurvey in children to monitor Mycobacterium leprae transmission in Bihar, India
BackgroundIt has been amply described that levels of IgM antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) correlate strongly with the bacterial load in an infected individual. These findings have generated the concept of using seropositivity for antibodies against M....
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1260375/full |
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| author | Louise Pierneef Paritosh Malaviya Anouk van Hooij Shyam Sundar Abhishek Kumar Singh Rajiv Kumar Danielle de Jong Maaike Meuldijk Awnish Kumar Zijie Zhou Kristien Cloots Paul Corstjens Epco Hasker Annemieke Geluk |
| author_facet | Louise Pierneef Paritosh Malaviya Anouk van Hooij Shyam Sundar Abhishek Kumar Singh Rajiv Kumar Danielle de Jong Maaike Meuldijk Awnish Kumar Zijie Zhou Kristien Cloots Paul Corstjens Epco Hasker Annemieke Geluk |
| author_sort | Louise Pierneef |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundIt has been amply described that levels of IgM antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) correlate strongly with the bacterial load in an infected individual. These findings have generated the concept of using seropositivity for antibodies against M. leprae PGL-I as an indicator of the proportion of the population that has been infected. Although anti-PGL-I IgM levels provide information on whether an individual has ever been infected, their presence cannot discriminate between recent and past infections. Since infection in (young) children by definition indicates recent transmission, we piloted the feasibility of assessment of anti-PGL-I IgM seroprevalence among children in a leprosy endemic area in India as a proxy for recent M. leprae transmission.Material and methodsA serosurvey for anti-PGL-I IgM antibodies among children in highly leprosy endemic villages in Bihar, India, was performed, applying the quantitative anti-PGL-I UCP-LFA cassette combined with low-invasive, small-volume fingerstick blood (FSB).ResultsLocal staff obtained FSB of 1,857 children (age 3–11 years) living in 12 leprosy endemic villages in Bihar; of these, 215 children (11.58%) were seropositive for anti-PGL-I IgM.ConclusionThe anti-PGL-I seroprevalence level of 11.58% among children corresponds with the seroprevalence levels described in studies in other leprosy endemic areas over the past decades where no prophylactic interventions have taken place. The anti-PGL-I UCP-LFA was found to be a low-complexity tool that could be practically combined with serosurveys and was well-accepted by both healthcare staff and the population. On route to leprosy elimination, quantitative anti-PGL-I serology in young children holds promise as a strategy to monitor recent M. leprae transmission in an area. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:20:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0efc64550e5448699f15d2224602fc62 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-858X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:20:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-0efc64550e5448699f15d2224602fc622023-09-28T06:04:38ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2023-09-011010.3389/fmed.2023.12603751260375Field-friendly anti-PGL-I serosurvey in children to monitor Mycobacterium leprae transmission in Bihar, IndiaLouise Pierneef0Paritosh Malaviya1Anouk van Hooij2Shyam Sundar3Abhishek Kumar Singh4Rajiv Kumar5Danielle de Jong6Maaike Meuldijk7Awnish Kumar8Zijie Zhou9Kristien Cloots10Paul Corstjens11Epco Hasker12Annemieke Geluk13Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaDepartment of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaCentre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaDepartment of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsCentre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IndiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsDepartment of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, BelgiumDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, NetherlandsBackgroundIt has been amply described that levels of IgM antibodies against Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) correlate strongly with the bacterial load in an infected individual. These findings have generated the concept of using seropositivity for antibodies against M. leprae PGL-I as an indicator of the proportion of the population that has been infected. Although anti-PGL-I IgM levels provide information on whether an individual has ever been infected, their presence cannot discriminate between recent and past infections. Since infection in (young) children by definition indicates recent transmission, we piloted the feasibility of assessment of anti-PGL-I IgM seroprevalence among children in a leprosy endemic area in India as a proxy for recent M. leprae transmission.Material and methodsA serosurvey for anti-PGL-I IgM antibodies among children in highly leprosy endemic villages in Bihar, India, was performed, applying the quantitative anti-PGL-I UCP-LFA cassette combined with low-invasive, small-volume fingerstick blood (FSB).ResultsLocal staff obtained FSB of 1,857 children (age 3–11 years) living in 12 leprosy endemic villages in Bihar; of these, 215 children (11.58%) were seropositive for anti-PGL-I IgM.ConclusionThe anti-PGL-I seroprevalence level of 11.58% among children corresponds with the seroprevalence levels described in studies in other leprosy endemic areas over the past decades where no prophylactic interventions have taken place. The anti-PGL-I UCP-LFA was found to be a low-complexity tool that could be practically combined with serosurveys and was well-accepted by both healthcare staff and the population. On route to leprosy elimination, quantitative anti-PGL-I serology in young children holds promise as a strategy to monitor recent M. leprae transmission in an area.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1260375/fullchildrenleprosyanti-M. leprae PGL-I antibodiesinfectiondiagnosticsserosurvey |
| spellingShingle | Louise Pierneef Paritosh Malaviya Anouk van Hooij Shyam Sundar Abhishek Kumar Singh Rajiv Kumar Danielle de Jong Maaike Meuldijk Awnish Kumar Zijie Zhou Kristien Cloots Paul Corstjens Epco Hasker Annemieke Geluk Field-friendly anti-PGL-I serosurvey in children to monitor Mycobacterium leprae transmission in Bihar, India Frontiers in Medicine children leprosy anti-M. leprae PGL-I antibodies infection diagnostics serosurvey |
| title | Field-friendly anti-PGL-I serosurvey in children to monitor Mycobacterium leprae transmission in Bihar, India |
| title_full | Field-friendly anti-PGL-I serosurvey in children to monitor Mycobacterium leprae transmission in Bihar, India |
| title_fullStr | Field-friendly anti-PGL-I serosurvey in children to monitor Mycobacterium leprae transmission in Bihar, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field-friendly anti-PGL-I serosurvey in children to monitor Mycobacterium leprae transmission in Bihar, India |
| title_short | Field-friendly anti-PGL-I serosurvey in children to monitor Mycobacterium leprae transmission in Bihar, India |
| title_sort | field friendly anti pgl i serosurvey in children to monitor mycobacterium leprae transmission in bihar india |
| topic | children leprosy anti-M. leprae PGL-I antibodies infection diagnostics serosurvey |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2023.1260375/full |
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