An Insight into Kounis Syndrome: Bridging Clinical Knowledge with Forensic Perspectives
Kounis syndrome (KS) is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. Incidence rates vary, with studies reporting 19.4 per 100.000 among all admissions and 3.4% among allergy patients. This review explores the expanding understanding of KS, encompassing various man...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/1/91 |
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| author | Elena Forzese Claudia Pitrone Vincenzo Cianci Daniela Sapienza Antonio Ieni Lorenzo Tornese Alessio Cianci Patrizia Gualniera Alessio Asmundo Cristina Mondello |
| author_facet | Elena Forzese Claudia Pitrone Vincenzo Cianci Daniela Sapienza Antonio Ieni Lorenzo Tornese Alessio Cianci Patrizia Gualniera Alessio Asmundo Cristina Mondello |
| author_sort | Elena Forzese |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Kounis syndrome (KS) is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. Incidence rates vary, with studies reporting 19.4 per 100.000 among all admissions and 3.4% among allergy patients. This review explores the expanding understanding of KS, encompassing various manifestations, and focusing on both clinical data and forensic findings useful in performing a diagnosis. The pathophysiology of this syndrome involves a complex interplay between allergic reactions and the cardiovascular system. Mast cell activation, histamine release, leukotrienes, cytokines, and platelet activation can contribute to coronary events. Three types of classification systems (allergic angina, allergic myocardial infarction, allergic stent thrombosis) aid in categorizing presentations. The diagnosis of KS relies on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging. Postmortem assessment of KS is based on the integration of circumstantial data, autopsy, and histological findings. Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses also contribute to postmortem diagnosis. In conclusion, a combined, multidisciplinary approach should be used to ease the diagnostic process, which is crucial for forensic practitioners in confirming KS occurrence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:43:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0efe8f741fee4ec48492630857398ef4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:43:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-0efe8f741fee4ec48492630857398ef42024-01-26T17:20:52ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-01-011419110.3390/life14010091An Insight into Kounis Syndrome: Bridging Clinical Knowledge with Forensic PerspectivesElena Forzese0Claudia Pitrone1Vincenzo Cianci2Daniela Sapienza3Antonio Ieni4Lorenzo Tornese5Alessio Cianci6Patrizia Gualniera7Alessio Asmundo8Cristina Mondello9Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli—IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, ItalyKounis syndrome (KS) is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. Incidence rates vary, with studies reporting 19.4 per 100.000 among all admissions and 3.4% among allergy patients. This review explores the expanding understanding of KS, encompassing various manifestations, and focusing on both clinical data and forensic findings useful in performing a diagnosis. The pathophysiology of this syndrome involves a complex interplay between allergic reactions and the cardiovascular system. Mast cell activation, histamine release, leukotrienes, cytokines, and platelet activation can contribute to coronary events. Three types of classification systems (allergic angina, allergic myocardial infarction, allergic stent thrombosis) aid in categorizing presentations. The diagnosis of KS relies on clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and imaging. Postmortem assessment of KS is based on the integration of circumstantial data, autopsy, and histological findings. Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses also contribute to postmortem diagnosis. In conclusion, a combined, multidisciplinary approach should be used to ease the diagnostic process, which is crucial for forensic practitioners in confirming KS occurrence.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/1/91Kounis syndromeanaphylaxispostmortemimmunohistochemistrybiochemistrytryptase |
| spellingShingle | Elena Forzese Claudia Pitrone Vincenzo Cianci Daniela Sapienza Antonio Ieni Lorenzo Tornese Alessio Cianci Patrizia Gualniera Alessio Asmundo Cristina Mondello An Insight into Kounis Syndrome: Bridging Clinical Knowledge with Forensic Perspectives Life Kounis syndrome anaphylaxis postmortem immunohistochemistry biochemistry tryptase |
| title | An Insight into Kounis Syndrome: Bridging Clinical Knowledge with Forensic Perspectives |
| title_full | An Insight into Kounis Syndrome: Bridging Clinical Knowledge with Forensic Perspectives |
| title_fullStr | An Insight into Kounis Syndrome: Bridging Clinical Knowledge with Forensic Perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Insight into Kounis Syndrome: Bridging Clinical Knowledge with Forensic Perspectives |
| title_short | An Insight into Kounis Syndrome: Bridging Clinical Knowledge with Forensic Perspectives |
| title_sort | insight into kounis syndrome bridging clinical knowledge with forensic perspectives |
| topic | Kounis syndrome anaphylaxis postmortem immunohistochemistry biochemistry tryptase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/1/91 |
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