Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC

Communications for IoT sensor networks in Smart City applications are demanding new technologies to avoid the radio frequency spectrum saturation and support the massive nodes situation required in this kind of network. Visible Light Communications are gaining interest as an alternative scheme for s...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Patricia Chavez-Burbano, Jose Rabadan, Victor Guerra, Rafael Perez-Jimenez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:Electronics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/9/1103
_version_ 1797534912075530240
author Patricia Chavez-Burbano
Jose Rabadan
Victor Guerra
Rafael Perez-Jimenez
author_facet Patricia Chavez-Burbano
Jose Rabadan
Victor Guerra
Rafael Perez-Jimenez
author_sort Patricia Chavez-Burbano
collection DOAJ
description Communications for IoT sensor networks in Smart City applications are demanding new technologies to avoid the radio frequency spectrum saturation and support the massive nodes situation required in this kind of network. Visible Light Communications are gaining interest as an alternative scheme for solving this problem. In particular, Optical Camera Communication (OCC) takes advantage of the presence of cameras in a wide range of devices (smartphones, surveillance systems). Several transmission and modulation schemes, specifically developed for OCC, have been proposed but they present different problems as the communication range, the flickering effects in the transmitted signal, or the system complexity. In this work, an Optical Camera Communication modulation scheme that addresses the considerable variability of the transmitter–receiver distance is proposed. As will be shown, the modulation scheme works properly independently of this separation for a wide range of distances. Additionally, it performs a flickering free transmission to avoid undesired blinking effects for humans and uses a simplified transmission and reception scheme, reducing the system complexity and cost. Results of the modulation’s performance for short (<20 m), medium (20–60 m), and long (>60 m) ranges are presented in the paper, showing a 16 bps transmission rate with Bit Error Rate below the Forward Error Correction (FEC) limit (3.8 · 10<sup>−3</sup>).
first_indexed 2024-03-10T11:37:12Z
format Article
id doaj.art-0f03d77aedd74750b0ac64f119def52a
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 2079-9292
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-10T11:37:12Z
publishDate 2021-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Electronics
spelling doaj.art-0f03d77aedd74750b0ac64f119def52a2023-11-21T18:46:18ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-05-01109110310.3390/electronics10091103Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCCPatricia Chavez-Burbano0Jose Rabadan1Victor Guerra2Rafael Perez-Jimenez3Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Electricidad y Computación, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090112, EcuadorInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, SpainInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, SpainInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, SpainCommunications for IoT sensor networks in Smart City applications are demanding new technologies to avoid the radio frequency spectrum saturation and support the massive nodes situation required in this kind of network. Visible Light Communications are gaining interest as an alternative scheme for solving this problem. In particular, Optical Camera Communication (OCC) takes advantage of the presence of cameras in a wide range of devices (smartphones, surveillance systems). Several transmission and modulation schemes, specifically developed for OCC, have been proposed but they present different problems as the communication range, the flickering effects in the transmitted signal, or the system complexity. In this work, an Optical Camera Communication modulation scheme that addresses the considerable variability of the transmitter–receiver distance is proposed. As will be shown, the modulation scheme works properly independently of this separation for a wide range of distances. Additionally, it performs a flickering free transmission to avoid undesired blinking effects for humans and uses a simplified transmission and reception scheme, reducing the system complexity and cost. Results of the modulation’s performance for short (<20 m), medium (20–60 m), and long (>60 m) ranges are presented in the paper, showing a 16 bps transmission rate with Bit Error Rate below the Forward Error Correction (FEC) limit (3.8 · 10<sup>−3</sup>).https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/9/1103visible light communicationsoptical camera communicationsmodulation schemeflickering freedistance independence
spellingShingle Patricia Chavez-Burbano
Jose Rabadan
Victor Guerra
Rafael Perez-Jimenez
Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC
Electronics
visible light communications
optical camera communications
modulation scheme
flickering free
distance independence
title Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC
title_full Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC
title_fullStr Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC
title_full_unstemmed Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC
title_short Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC
title_sort flickering free distance independent modulation scheme for occ
topic visible light communications
optical camera communications
modulation scheme
flickering free
distance independence
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/9/1103
work_keys_str_mv AT patriciachavezburbano flickeringfreedistanceindependentmodulationschemeforocc
AT joserabadan flickeringfreedistanceindependentmodulationschemeforocc
AT victorguerra flickeringfreedistanceindependentmodulationschemeforocc
AT rafaelperezjimenez flickeringfreedistanceindependentmodulationschemeforocc