Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC
Communications for IoT sensor networks in Smart City applications are demanding new technologies to avoid the radio frequency spectrum saturation and support the massive nodes situation required in this kind of network. Visible Light Communications are gaining interest as an alternative scheme for s...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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Series: | Electronics |
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Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/9/1103 |
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author | Patricia Chavez-Burbano Jose Rabadan Victor Guerra Rafael Perez-Jimenez |
author_facet | Patricia Chavez-Burbano Jose Rabadan Victor Guerra Rafael Perez-Jimenez |
author_sort | Patricia Chavez-Burbano |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Communications for IoT sensor networks in Smart City applications are demanding new technologies to avoid the radio frequency spectrum saturation and support the massive nodes situation required in this kind of network. Visible Light Communications are gaining interest as an alternative scheme for solving this problem. In particular, Optical Camera Communication (OCC) takes advantage of the presence of cameras in a wide range of devices (smartphones, surveillance systems). Several transmission and modulation schemes, specifically developed for OCC, have been proposed but they present different problems as the communication range, the flickering effects in the transmitted signal, or the system complexity. In this work, an Optical Camera Communication modulation scheme that addresses the considerable variability of the transmitter–receiver distance is proposed. As will be shown, the modulation scheme works properly independently of this separation for a wide range of distances. Additionally, it performs a flickering free transmission to avoid undesired blinking effects for humans and uses a simplified transmission and reception scheme, reducing the system complexity and cost. Results of the modulation’s performance for short (<20 m), medium (20–60 m), and long (>60 m) ranges are presented in the paper, showing a 16 bps transmission rate with Bit Error Rate below the Forward Error Correction (FEC) limit (3.8 · 10<sup>−3</sup>). |
first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:37:12Z |
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id | doaj.art-0f03d77aedd74750b0ac64f119def52a |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2079-9292 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:37:12Z |
publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
publisher | MDPI AG |
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series | Electronics |
spelling | doaj.art-0f03d77aedd74750b0ac64f119def52a2023-11-21T18:46:18ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-05-01109110310.3390/electronics10091103Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCCPatricia Chavez-Burbano0Jose Rabadan1Victor Guerra2Rafael Perez-Jimenez3Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería en Electricidad y Computación, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090112, EcuadorInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, SpainInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, SpainInstitute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications (IDeTIC), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, SpainCommunications for IoT sensor networks in Smart City applications are demanding new technologies to avoid the radio frequency spectrum saturation and support the massive nodes situation required in this kind of network. Visible Light Communications are gaining interest as an alternative scheme for solving this problem. In particular, Optical Camera Communication (OCC) takes advantage of the presence of cameras in a wide range of devices (smartphones, surveillance systems). Several transmission and modulation schemes, specifically developed for OCC, have been proposed but they present different problems as the communication range, the flickering effects in the transmitted signal, or the system complexity. In this work, an Optical Camera Communication modulation scheme that addresses the considerable variability of the transmitter–receiver distance is proposed. As will be shown, the modulation scheme works properly independently of this separation for a wide range of distances. Additionally, it performs a flickering free transmission to avoid undesired blinking effects for humans and uses a simplified transmission and reception scheme, reducing the system complexity and cost. Results of the modulation’s performance for short (<20 m), medium (20–60 m), and long (>60 m) ranges are presented in the paper, showing a 16 bps transmission rate with Bit Error Rate below the Forward Error Correction (FEC) limit (3.8 · 10<sup>−3</sup>).https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/9/1103visible light communicationsoptical camera communicationsmodulation schemeflickering freedistance independence |
spellingShingle | Patricia Chavez-Burbano Jose Rabadan Victor Guerra Rafael Perez-Jimenez Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC Electronics visible light communications optical camera communications modulation scheme flickering free distance independence |
title | Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC |
title_full | Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC |
title_fullStr | Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC |
title_full_unstemmed | Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC |
title_short | Flickering-Free Distance-Independent Modulation Scheme for OCC |
title_sort | flickering free distance independent modulation scheme for occ |
topic | visible light communications optical camera communications modulation scheme flickering free distance independence |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/9/1103 |
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