A New Relativistic Model for Polyatomic Gases Interacting with an Electromagnetic Field
Maxwell’s equations in materials are studied jointly with Euler equations using new knowledge recently appeared in the literature for polyatomic gases. For this purpose, a supplementary conservation law is imposed; one of the results is a restriction on the law linking the magnetic field in empty sp...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/1/110 |
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| author | Sebastiano Pennisi Rita Enoh Tchame Marcel Obounou |
| author_facet | Sebastiano Pennisi Rita Enoh Tchame Marcel Obounou |
| author_sort | Sebastiano Pennisi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maxwell’s equations in materials are studied jointly with Euler equations using new knowledge recently appeared in the literature for polyatomic gases. For this purpose, a supplementary conservation law is imposed; one of the results is a restriction on the law linking the magnetic field in empty space and the electric field in materials to the densities of the 4-Lorentz force <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>ν</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and its dual <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>μ</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>: These are the derivatives of a scalar function with respect to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>ν</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>μ</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. Obviously, two of Maxwell’s equations are not evolutive (Gauss’s magnetic and electric laws); to simplify this mathematical problem, a new symmetric hyperbolic set of equations is here presented which uses unconstrained variables and the solutions of the new set of equations, with initial conditions satisfying the constraints, restore the previous constrained set. This is also useful because it allows to maintain an overt covariance that would be lost if the constraints were considered from the beginning. This is also useful because in this way the whole set of equations becomes a symmetric hyperbolic system as usually in Extended Thermodynamics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:31Z |
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| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f0fa5c1a3bf4018b215f4e0aa32a2dc2023-11-23T11:54:18ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902021-12-0110111010.3390/math10010110A New Relativistic Model for Polyatomic Gases Interacting with an Electromagnetic FieldSebastiano Pennisi0Rita Enoh Tchame1Marcel Obounou2Dipartimento di Matematica ed Informatica, Universitá di Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, ItalyFaculty of Science, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, CameroonFaculty of Science, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé P.O. Box 812, CameroonMaxwell’s equations in materials are studied jointly with Euler equations using new knowledge recently appeared in the literature for polyatomic gases. For this purpose, a supplementary conservation law is imposed; one of the results is a restriction on the law linking the magnetic field in empty space and the electric field in materials to the densities of the 4-Lorentz force <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>ν</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and its dual <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>μ</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>: These are the derivatives of a scalar function with respect to <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>ν</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi>μ</mi><mi>α</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively. Obviously, two of Maxwell’s equations are not evolutive (Gauss’s magnetic and electric laws); to simplify this mathematical problem, a new symmetric hyperbolic set of equations is here presented which uses unconstrained variables and the solutions of the new set of equations, with initial conditions satisfying the constraints, restore the previous constrained set. This is also useful because it allows to maintain an overt covariance that would be lost if the constraints were considered from the beginning. This is also useful because in this way the whole set of equations becomes a symmetric hyperbolic system as usually in Extended Thermodynamics.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/1/110Maxwell’s equationsExtended Thermodynamicspolyatomic gases |
| spellingShingle | Sebastiano Pennisi Rita Enoh Tchame Marcel Obounou A New Relativistic Model for Polyatomic Gases Interacting with an Electromagnetic Field Mathematics Maxwell’s equations Extended Thermodynamics polyatomic gases |
| title | A New Relativistic Model for Polyatomic Gases Interacting with an Electromagnetic Field |
| title_full | A New Relativistic Model for Polyatomic Gases Interacting with an Electromagnetic Field |
| title_fullStr | A New Relativistic Model for Polyatomic Gases Interacting with an Electromagnetic Field |
| title_full_unstemmed | A New Relativistic Model for Polyatomic Gases Interacting with an Electromagnetic Field |
| title_short | A New Relativistic Model for Polyatomic Gases Interacting with an Electromagnetic Field |
| title_sort | new relativistic model for polyatomic gases interacting with an electromagnetic field |
| topic | Maxwell’s equations Extended Thermodynamics polyatomic gases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/10/1/110 |
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