Spatiotemporal Evolution, Spatial Agglomeration and Convergence of Environmental Governance in China—A Comparative Analysis Based on a Basin Perspective
Scientifically measuring the level of environmental governance (EGL) and understanding its spatial convergence has important reference value for ecological governance. In this paper, the global entropy method is applied to measure the EGL of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019, wh...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/2/231 |
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| author | Mengzhi Xu Shixin Luan Xuan Gao Huachun Wang |
| author_facet | Mengzhi Xu Shixin Luan Xuan Gao Huachun Wang |
| author_sort | Mengzhi Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Scientifically measuring the level of environmental governance (EGL) and understanding its spatial convergence has important reference value for ecological governance. In this paper, the global entropy method is applied to measure the EGL of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019, which are divided into three major river basins, including the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Pearl River, to observe the spatial–temporal evolutionary characterization through a standard deviation ellipse model. The coefficient of variation and the spatial econometric model are the tools used to conduct the spatial convergence test. The results are as follows: (1) China’s EGL is low overall, though it is fluctuating upward at low magnitude, and the three major river basins follow the ranking: The Pearl River Basin > The Yangtze River Basin > The Yellow River Basin. (2) Spatially, the distribution pattern of China’s EGL changes from “scattered and sporadic” to “multipolar core”. (3) The center of China’s environmental governance was concentrated in the east from 2007 to 2019, and the EGL in the midstream and downstream regions of the three major river basins increased rapidly. (4) Environmental governance in China has significant absolute and conditional β-convergence characteristics, as do the three major basins, while the ranking of convergence speed remains “Yangtze River Basin > Yellow River Basin > Pearl River Basin”. Of these, economic development accelerated the convergence rate of environmental governance in China and its three major river basins; financial pressure significantly inhibited the convergence of the EGL of the Yellow River Basin. The improvement of the EGL in the Pearl River Basin was also negatively influenced by the industrial structure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:24:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f159df323124069a99e08a8d502e2c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-445X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:24:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Land |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f159df323124069a99e08a8d502e2c52024-02-23T15:24:15ZengMDPI AGLand2073-445X2024-02-0113223110.3390/land13020231Spatiotemporal Evolution, Spatial Agglomeration and Convergence of Environmental Governance in China—A Comparative Analysis Based on a Basin PerspectiveMengzhi Xu0Shixin Luan1Xuan Gao2Huachun Wang3School of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaSchool of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaSchool of Government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaScientifically measuring the level of environmental governance (EGL) and understanding its spatial convergence has important reference value for ecological governance. In this paper, the global entropy method is applied to measure the EGL of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019, which are divided into three major river basins, including the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Pearl River, to observe the spatial–temporal evolutionary characterization through a standard deviation ellipse model. The coefficient of variation and the spatial econometric model are the tools used to conduct the spatial convergence test. The results are as follows: (1) China’s EGL is low overall, though it is fluctuating upward at low magnitude, and the three major river basins follow the ranking: The Pearl River Basin > The Yangtze River Basin > The Yellow River Basin. (2) Spatially, the distribution pattern of China’s EGL changes from “scattered and sporadic” to “multipolar core”. (3) The center of China’s environmental governance was concentrated in the east from 2007 to 2019, and the EGL in the midstream and downstream regions of the three major river basins increased rapidly. (4) Environmental governance in China has significant absolute and conditional β-convergence characteristics, as do the three major basins, while the ranking of convergence speed remains “Yangtze River Basin > Yellow River Basin > Pearl River Basin”. Of these, economic development accelerated the convergence rate of environmental governance in China and its three major river basins; financial pressure significantly inhibited the convergence of the EGL of the Yellow River Basin. The improvement of the EGL in the Pearl River Basin was also negatively influenced by the industrial structure.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/2/231environmental governancespatial convergenceriver basinsspatial agglomerationChina |
| spellingShingle | Mengzhi Xu Shixin Luan Xuan Gao Huachun Wang Spatiotemporal Evolution, Spatial Agglomeration and Convergence of Environmental Governance in China—A Comparative Analysis Based on a Basin Perspective Land environmental governance spatial convergence river basins spatial agglomeration China |
| title | Spatiotemporal Evolution, Spatial Agglomeration and Convergence of Environmental Governance in China—A Comparative Analysis Based on a Basin Perspective |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Evolution, Spatial Agglomeration and Convergence of Environmental Governance in China—A Comparative Analysis Based on a Basin Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Evolution, Spatial Agglomeration and Convergence of Environmental Governance in China—A Comparative Analysis Based on a Basin Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Evolution, Spatial Agglomeration and Convergence of Environmental Governance in China—A Comparative Analysis Based on a Basin Perspective |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Evolution, Spatial Agglomeration and Convergence of Environmental Governance in China—A Comparative Analysis Based on a Basin Perspective |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal evolution spatial agglomeration and convergence of environmental governance in china a comparative analysis based on a basin perspective |
| topic | environmental governance spatial convergence river basins spatial agglomeration China |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/13/2/231 |
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