Decoding Genetic Features and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Strains Isolated from Bloodstream Infections
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a Gram-negative rod and an etiological factor of opportunistic infections. The infections of this etiology appear mostly among hospitalized patients and are relatively hard to treat due to widespread antimicrobial resistance. Many virulence factors are in...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/16/9208 |
| Summary: | <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is a Gram-negative rod and an etiological factor of opportunistic infections. The infections of this etiology appear mostly among hospitalized patients and are relatively hard to treat due to widespread antimicrobial resistance. Many virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection, the coexistence of which have a significant impact on the course of an infection with a particular localization. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the frequency of genes encoding selected virulence factors in clinical <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains isolated from bloodstream infections (BSIs). The following genes encoding virulence factors of enzymatic activity were assessed: <i>lasB</i>, <i>plC H</i>, <i>plC N</i>, <i>nan1</i>, <i>nan2, aprA</i> and <i>phzM</i>. The frequency of the genes encoding the type III secretion system effector proteins (<i>exoU</i> and <i>exoS</i>) and the genes encoding pilin structural subunits (<i>pilA</i> and <i>pilB</i>) were also investigated. The occurrence of virulence-factor genes was assessed using polymerase chain reactions, each in a separate reaction. Seventy-one <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains, isolated from blood samples of patients with confirmed bacteremia hospitalized at the University Hospital No. 1 of Dr. Antoni Jurasz in Bydgoszcz, Poland, were included in the study. All the investigated strains were susceptible to colistin, while the majority of the strains presented resistance to ticarcillin/clavulanate (71.8%), piperacillin (60.6 %), imipenem (57.7%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (52.1%). The presence of the <i>lasB</i> and <i>plC H</i> genes was noted in all the tested strains, while the <i>plC N</i>, <i>nan2</i>, <i>aprA</i>, <i>phzM</i> and <i>nan1</i> genes were identified in 68 (95.8%), 66 (93.0%), 63 (88.7%), 55 (77.5%) and 34 (47.9%) isolates, respectively. In 44 (62.0%) and 41 (57.7%) strains, the presence of the <i>exoU</i> and <i>exoS</i> genes was confirmed, while the <i>pilA</i> and <i>pilB</i> genes were noted only in 14 (19.7%) and 3 (4.2%) isolates, respectively. This may be due to the diverse roles of these proteins in the development and maintenance of BSIs. Statistically significant correlations were observed between particular gene pairs’ coexistence (e.g., alkaline protease and neuraminidase 2). Altogether, twenty-seven distinctive genotypes were observed among the studied strains, indicating the vast variety of genetic compositions of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains causing BSIs. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |