Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass Silage
This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and nitrate content of sorghum-sudangrass silage with two ensiling densities [550 kg fresh weight (FW)/m3 (low density, LD) and 650 kg FW/m3 (high density, HD)] stored at two temperatures [10°C (low temperature, LT) and 25°C...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.828320/full |
| _version_ | 1819282990228832256 |
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| author | Chunsheng Bai Gang Pan Ruoxuan Leng Wenhua Ni Jiyun Yang Juanjuan Sun Zhu Yu Zhigang Liu Yanlin Xue Yanlin Xue |
| author_facet | Chunsheng Bai Gang Pan Ruoxuan Leng Wenhua Ni Jiyun Yang Juanjuan Sun Zhu Yu Zhigang Liu Yanlin Xue Yanlin Xue |
| author_sort | Chunsheng Bai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to evaluate the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and nitrate content of sorghum-sudangrass silage with two ensiling densities [550 kg fresh weight (FW)/m3 (low density, LD) and 650 kg FW/m3 (high density, HD)] stored at two temperatures [10°C (low temperature, LT) and 25°C (normal temperature, NT)] for 60 days. The fermentation parameters, microbial counts, bacterial community, nutritional composition, and nitrate and nitrite levels were assessed. The pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) in all silages were below 4.0 and 80 g/kg total N, respectively. Compared with LT treatments, NT treatments had lower pH and lactic acid (LA) bacteria and yeasts counts and contained higher LA and LA/acetic acid (LA/AA) (p < 0.05). The LT-LD contained more ammonia–N than LT-HD (p < 0.05) and had higher nitrate and lower nitrate degradation than other treatments (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus was the most dominant genus with all treatments (57.2–66.9%). The LA, LA/AA, and abundances of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter in the silage negatively correlated with nitrate concentration and positively correlated with nitrate degradation (p < 0.05). Moreover, pH and ammonia–N were positively correlated with nitrate concentration and negatively correlated with nitrate degradation (p < 0.05). Overall, all silage had satisfactory fermentation quality, and the silage with HD and NT had better fermentation quality and higher nitrate degradation. The bacterial communities in all silages were dominated by Lactobacillus. The nitrate degradation during the fermentation process might be related to the fermentation quality and the activity of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter in silage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:24:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f23cf1d2a8c47fa95e285fe445de6f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:24:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f23cf1d2a8c47fa95e285fe445de6f42022-12-21T17:22:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2022-02-011310.3389/fmicb.2022.828320828320Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass SilageChunsheng Bai0Gang Pan1Ruoxuan Leng2Wenhua Ni3Jiyun Yang4Juanjuan Sun5Zhu Yu6Zhigang Liu7Yanlin Xue8Yanlin Xue9College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaInstitute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, ChinaCollege of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, ChinaInner Mongolia Sihai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Baochang, ChinaInner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Microbial Resources in Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, ChinaInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Microbial Ecology of Silage, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot, ChinaThis study aimed to evaluate the fermentation quality, bacterial community, and nitrate content of sorghum-sudangrass silage with two ensiling densities [550 kg fresh weight (FW)/m3 (low density, LD) and 650 kg FW/m3 (high density, HD)] stored at two temperatures [10°C (low temperature, LT) and 25°C (normal temperature, NT)] for 60 days. The fermentation parameters, microbial counts, bacterial community, nutritional composition, and nitrate and nitrite levels were assessed. The pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) in all silages were below 4.0 and 80 g/kg total N, respectively. Compared with LT treatments, NT treatments had lower pH and lactic acid (LA) bacteria and yeasts counts and contained higher LA and LA/acetic acid (LA/AA) (p < 0.05). The LT-LD contained more ammonia–N than LT-HD (p < 0.05) and had higher nitrate and lower nitrate degradation than other treatments (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus was the most dominant genus with all treatments (57.2–66.9%). The LA, LA/AA, and abundances of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter in the silage negatively correlated with nitrate concentration and positively correlated with nitrate degradation (p < 0.05). Moreover, pH and ammonia–N were positively correlated with nitrate concentration and negatively correlated with nitrate degradation (p < 0.05). Overall, all silage had satisfactory fermentation quality, and the silage with HD and NT had better fermentation quality and higher nitrate degradation. The bacterial communities in all silages were dominated by Lactobacillus. The nitrate degradation during the fermentation process might be related to the fermentation quality and the activity of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter in silage.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.828320/fullsorghum-sudangrass silagestorage temperatureensiling densityfermentation qualitybacteria communitynitrate |
| spellingShingle | Chunsheng Bai Gang Pan Ruoxuan Leng Wenhua Ni Jiyun Yang Juanjuan Sun Zhu Yu Zhigang Liu Yanlin Xue Yanlin Xue Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass Silage Frontiers in Microbiology sorghum-sudangrass silage storage temperature ensiling density fermentation quality bacteria community nitrate |
| title | Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass Silage |
| title_full | Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass Silage |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass Silage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass Silage |
| title_short | Effect of Ensiling Density and Storage Temperature on Fermentation Quality, Bacterial Community, and Nitrate Concentration of Sorghum-Sudangrass Silage |
| title_sort | effect of ensiling density and storage temperature on fermentation quality bacterial community and nitrate concentration of sorghum sudangrass silage |
| topic | sorghum-sudangrass silage storage temperature ensiling density fermentation quality bacteria community nitrate |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2022.828320/full |
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