Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa
Abstract Background Mechanical transmission of the major livestock pathogen Trypanosoma vivax by other biting flies than tsetse allows its spread from Africa to the New World. Genetic studies are restricted to a small number of isolates and based on molecular markers that evolve too slowly to resolv...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2014-05-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-210 |
| _version_ | 1797811662038761472 |
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| author | Herakles A Garcia Adriana C Rodrigues Carla MF Rodrigues Zakaria Bengaly Antonio HH Minervino Franklin Riet-Correa Rosangela Z Machado Fernando Paiva Jael S Batista Luis Neves Patrick B Hamilton Marta MG Teixeira |
| author_facet | Herakles A Garcia Adriana C Rodrigues Carla MF Rodrigues Zakaria Bengaly Antonio HH Minervino Franklin Riet-Correa Rosangela Z Machado Fernando Paiva Jael S Batista Luis Neves Patrick B Hamilton Marta MG Teixeira |
| author_sort | Herakles A Garcia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Mechanical transmission of the major livestock pathogen Trypanosoma vivax by other biting flies than tsetse allows its spread from Africa to the New World. Genetic studies are restricted to a small number of isolates and based on molecular markers that evolve too slowly to resolve the relationships between American and West African populations and, thus, unable us to uncover the recent history of T. vivax in the New World. Methods T. vivax genetic diversity, population structure and the source of outbreaks was investigated through the microsatellite multiloci (7 loci) genotype (MLGs) analysis in South America (47isolates from Brazil, Venezuela and French Guiana) and West Africa (12 isolates from The Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria). Relationships among MLGs were explored using phylogenetic, principal component and STRUCTURE analyses. Results Although closely phylogenetically related, for the first time, genetic differences were detected between T. vivax isolates from South America (11 genotypes/47 isolates) and West Africa (12 genotypes/12 isolates) with no MLGs in common. Diversity was far greater across West Africa than in South America, where genotypes from Brazil (MLG1-6), Venezuela (MLG7-10) and French Guiana (MLG11) shared similar but not identical allele composition. No MLG was exclusive to asymptomatic (endemic areas) or sick (outbreaks in non-endemic areas) animals, but only MLGs1, 2 and 3 were responsible for severe haematological and neurological disorders. Conclusions Our results revealed closely related genotypes of T. vivax in Brazil and Venezuela, regardless of endemicity and clinical conditions of the infected livestock. The MLGs analysis from T. vivax across SA and WA support clonal propagation, and is consistent with the hypothesis that the SA populations examined here derived from common ancestors recently introduced from West Africa. The molecular markers defined here are valuable to assess the genetic diversity, to track the source and dispersion of outbreaks, and to explore the epidemiological and pathological significance of T. vivax genotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:26:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f26d0a25cc9477db8605d9ed9aff20c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T07:26:00Z |
| publishDate | 2014-05-01 |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f26d0a25cc9477db8605d9ed9aff20c2023-06-04T11:20:29ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052014-05-017111310.1186/1756-3305-7-210Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West AfricaHerakles A Garcia0Adriana C Rodrigues1Carla MF Rodrigues2Zakaria Bengaly3Antonio HH Minervino4Franklin Riet-Correa5Rosangela Z Machado6Fernando Paiva7Jael S Batista8Luis Neves9Patrick B Hamilton10Marta MG Teixeira11Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloCentre International de Recherche-Développement sur l’Elevage en zone Subhumide (CIRDES)Instituto de Biodiversidade e Floresta, Universidade Federal do Oeste do ParáHospital Veterinário, Universidade Federal de Campina GrandeDepartamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita FilhoDepartamento de Parasitologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do SulDepartamento de Ciências Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-ÁridoCentro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo MondlaneBiosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterDepartamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São PauloAbstract Background Mechanical transmission of the major livestock pathogen Trypanosoma vivax by other biting flies than tsetse allows its spread from Africa to the New World. Genetic studies are restricted to a small number of isolates and based on molecular markers that evolve too slowly to resolve the relationships between American and West African populations and, thus, unable us to uncover the recent history of T. vivax in the New World. Methods T. vivax genetic diversity, population structure and the source of outbreaks was investigated through the microsatellite multiloci (7 loci) genotype (MLGs) analysis in South America (47isolates from Brazil, Venezuela and French Guiana) and West Africa (12 isolates from The Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria). Relationships among MLGs were explored using phylogenetic, principal component and STRUCTURE analyses. Results Although closely phylogenetically related, for the first time, genetic differences were detected between T. vivax isolates from South America (11 genotypes/47 isolates) and West Africa (12 genotypes/12 isolates) with no MLGs in common. Diversity was far greater across West Africa than in South America, where genotypes from Brazil (MLG1-6), Venezuela (MLG7-10) and French Guiana (MLG11) shared similar but not identical allele composition. No MLG was exclusive to asymptomatic (endemic areas) or sick (outbreaks in non-endemic areas) animals, but only MLGs1, 2 and 3 were responsible for severe haematological and neurological disorders. Conclusions Our results revealed closely related genotypes of T. vivax in Brazil and Venezuela, regardless of endemicity and clinical conditions of the infected livestock. The MLGs analysis from T. vivax across SA and WA support clonal propagation, and is consistent with the hypothesis that the SA populations examined here derived from common ancestors recently introduced from West Africa. The molecular markers defined here are valuable to assess the genetic diversity, to track the source and dispersion of outbreaks, and to explore the epidemiological and pathological significance of T. vivax genotypes.https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-210NaganaMicrosatellite genotypingClonal structureOutbreakPathologyEpidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Herakles A Garcia Adriana C Rodrigues Carla MF Rodrigues Zakaria Bengaly Antonio HH Minervino Franklin Riet-Correa Rosangela Z Machado Fernando Paiva Jael S Batista Luis Neves Patrick B Hamilton Marta MG Teixeira Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa Parasites & Vectors Nagana Microsatellite genotyping Clonal structure Outbreak Pathology Epidemiology |
| title | Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa |
| title_full | Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa |
| title_fullStr | Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa |
| title_short | Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa |
| title_sort | microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in south america compared to west africa |
| topic | Nagana Microsatellite genotyping Clonal structure Outbreak Pathology Epidemiology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-7-210 |
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