Safeguard against DNA sensing: The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases
Innate immune recognition is crucial for host responses against viral infections, including infection by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Human cells detect such invading pathogens with a collection of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the production of antiviral proteins, su...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00193/full |
| _version_ | 1818855625320300544 |
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| author | Nan eYan Maroof eHasan |
| author_facet | Nan eYan Maroof eHasan |
| author_sort | Nan eYan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Innate immune recognition is crucial for host responses against viral infections, including infection by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Human cells detect such invading pathogens with a collection of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the production of antiviral proteins, such as the cytokine interferon-type I, to initiate antiviral responses immediately as well as the adaptive immune response for long-term protection. To establish infection in the host, many viruses have thus evolved strategies for subversion of these mechanisms of innate immunity. For example, acute infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses have long been thought to be non-immunogenic, signifying suppression of host defenses by these pathogens. Studies in the past few years have begun to uncover a multifaceted scheme of how HIV-1 evades innate immune detection, especially of its DNA, by exploiting host proteins. This review will discuss the host mechanisms of HIV-1 DNA sensing and viral immune evasion, with a particular focus on TREX1, a host 3’ to 5’ exodeoxyribonuclease (also known as DNase III). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T08:11:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f2c3fdc3e2545daad6e6013cc510ae0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T08:11:35Z |
| publishDate | 2014-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f2c3fdc3e2545daad6e6013cc510ae02022-12-21T20:29:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2014-04-01510.3389/fmicb.2014.0019386888Safeguard against DNA sensing: The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseasesNan eYan0Maroof eHasan1UT SouthwesternUT SouthwesternInnate immune recognition is crucial for host responses against viral infections, including infection by human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Human cells detect such invading pathogens with a collection of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the production of antiviral proteins, such as the cytokine interferon-type I, to initiate antiviral responses immediately as well as the adaptive immune response for long-term protection. To establish infection in the host, many viruses have thus evolved strategies for subversion of these mechanisms of innate immunity. For example, acute infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses have long been thought to be non-immunogenic, signifying suppression of host defenses by these pathogens. Studies in the past few years have begun to uncover a multifaceted scheme of how HIV-1 evades innate immune detection, especially of its DNA, by exploiting host proteins. This review will discuss the host mechanisms of HIV-1 DNA sensing and viral immune evasion, with a particular focus on TREX1, a host 3’ to 5’ exodeoxyribonuclease (also known as DNase III).http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00193/fullAutoimmune DiseasesHIVinnate immunityTrex1DNA sensing |
| spellingShingle | Nan eYan Maroof eHasan Safeguard against DNA sensing: The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases Frontiers in Microbiology Autoimmune Diseases HIV innate immunity Trex1 DNA sensing |
| title | Safeguard against DNA sensing: The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases |
| title_full | Safeguard against DNA sensing: The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases |
| title_fullStr | Safeguard against DNA sensing: The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Safeguard against DNA sensing: The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases |
| title_short | Safeguard against DNA sensing: The role of TREX1 in HIV-1 infection and autoimmune diseases |
| title_sort | safeguard against dna sensing the role of trex1 in hiv 1 infection and autoimmune diseases |
| topic | Autoimmune Diseases HIV innate immunity Trex1 DNA sensing |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00193/full |
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