Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples
This work proposes a simple and easy-to-use flow-through system for the implementation of dynamic extractions, aiming at the evaluation of bioaccessible zinc and the characterization of leaching kinetics in dry dog food samples. The kinetic profile of Zn extraction was determined by flame atomic abs...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1333 |
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| author | Bruno J. R. Gregório Ana Margarida Pereira Sara R. Fernandes Elisabete Matos Francisco Castanheira Agostinho A. Almeida António J. M. Fonseca Ana Rita J. Cabrita Marcela A. Segundo |
| author_facet | Bruno J. R. Gregório Ana Margarida Pereira Sara R. Fernandes Elisabete Matos Francisco Castanheira Agostinho A. Almeida António J. M. Fonseca Ana Rita J. Cabrita Marcela A. Segundo |
| author_sort | Bruno J. R. Gregório |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work proposes a simple and easy-to-use flow-through system for the implementation of dynamic extractions, aiming at the evaluation of bioaccessible zinc and the characterization of leaching kinetics in dry dog food samples. The kinetic profile of Zn extraction was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and the results were fitted in an exponential function (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.960) compatible with a two first-order reactions model. Values of fast leachable Zn ranged from 83 ± 1 to 313 ± 5 mg of Zn per kg of sample, with associated rate constants ranging from 0.162 ± 0.004 to 0.290 ± 0.014 min<sup>−1</sup>. Similar results were observed compared to the static batch extraction. The percentage of bioaccessible Zn ranged from 49.0 to 70.0%, with an average value of 58.2% in relation to total Zn content. Principal component analysis regarding the variables fast leachable Zn, associated rate constant, total Zn, and market segment, has shown that 84.6% of variance is explained by two components, where the second component (24.0%) presented loadings only for the fast leachable Zn and associated rate constant. The proposed method is suitable for the fast evaluation (<1 h) of leaching kinetics and bioaccessibility in dry dog food. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T14:38:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f2dffa8904e4b6caab64e899efa4805 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T14:38:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f2dffa8904e4b6caab64e899efa48052022-12-21T20:17:10ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-03-01256133310.3390/molecules25061333molecules25061333Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food SamplesBruno J. R. Gregório0Ana Margarida Pereira1Sara R. Fernandes2Elisabete Matos3Francisco Castanheira4Agostinho A. Almeida5António J. M. Fonseca6Ana Rita J. Cabrita7Marcela A. Segundo8LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalSORGAL, Sociedade de Óleos e Rações S.A., Estrada Nacional 109, Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728 S. João Ovar, PortugalAlltechaditivos—Alimentação Animal Lda., Parque de Monserrate, Av. Dr. Luis Sá n 9 - Arm. A, 2710-089 Abrunheira, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalLAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n 228, 4050-313 Porto, PortugalThis work proposes a simple and easy-to-use flow-through system for the implementation of dynamic extractions, aiming at the evaluation of bioaccessible zinc and the characterization of leaching kinetics in dry dog food samples. The kinetic profile of Zn extraction was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and the results were fitted in an exponential function (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.960) compatible with a two first-order reactions model. Values of fast leachable Zn ranged from 83 ± 1 to 313 ± 5 mg of Zn per kg of sample, with associated rate constants ranging from 0.162 ± 0.004 to 0.290 ± 0.014 min<sup>−1</sup>. Similar results were observed compared to the static batch extraction. The percentage of bioaccessible Zn ranged from 49.0 to 70.0%, with an average value of 58.2% in relation to total Zn content. Principal component analysis regarding the variables fast leachable Zn, associated rate constant, total Zn, and market segment, has shown that 84.6% of variance is explained by two components, where the second component (24.0%) presented loadings only for the fast leachable Zn and associated rate constant. The proposed method is suitable for the fast evaluation (<1 h) of leaching kinetics and bioaccessibility in dry dog food.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1333bioaccessibilitydog fooddog nutritiondynamic extractionflow analysiskinetic profilezinc |
| spellingShingle | Bruno J. R. Gregório Ana Margarida Pereira Sara R. Fernandes Elisabete Matos Francisco Castanheira Agostinho A. Almeida António J. M. Fonseca Ana Rita J. Cabrita Marcela A. Segundo Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples Molecules bioaccessibility dog food dog nutrition dynamic extraction flow analysis kinetic profile zinc |
| title | Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples |
| title_full | Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples |
| title_fullStr | Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples |
| title_short | Flow-Based Dynamic Approach to Assess Bioaccessible Zinc in Dry Dog Food Samples |
| title_sort | flow based dynamic approach to assess bioaccessible zinc in dry dog food samples |
| topic | bioaccessibility dog food dog nutrition dynamic extraction flow analysis kinetic profile zinc |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/6/1333 |
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