Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored Leishmania spp. in Sokoto State, Nigeria
IntroductionFemale sand flies are hematophagous, feeding on animals and in the process serve as vectors for Leishmania, the parasites that cause leishmaniasis in humans. Leishmaniasis are a group of parasitic neglected tropical diseases in 98 countries including Nigeria and kills ~60,000 people/year...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1219629/full |
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| author | Mahmud Usman Audu Joseph Natala Isa Danladi Jatau Ndudim Isaac Ogo Ghulam Jeelani Yasuyuki Goto Tomoyoshi Nozaki James H. McKerrow Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun |
| author_facet | Mahmud Usman Audu Joseph Natala Isa Danladi Jatau Ndudim Isaac Ogo Ghulam Jeelani Yasuyuki Goto Tomoyoshi Nozaki James H. McKerrow Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun |
| author_sort | Mahmud Usman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionFemale sand flies are hematophagous, feeding on animals and in the process serve as vectors for Leishmania, the parasites that cause leishmaniasis in humans. Leishmaniasis are a group of parasitic neglected tropical diseases in 98 countries including Nigeria and kills ~60,000 people/year. In Nigeria, Sokoto State is endemic to leishmaniasis but there is a knowledge gap on the identity of the prevalent sand flies and the Leishmania species they transmit. Hence, this cross-sectional study was designed to take inventory of the species of sand flies in Sokoto using genetic methods.Methods1,260 (310 females) sand flies were collected from three Local Government Areas (L.G.A) of Sokoto State- Wamakko, Sokoto South and Kware. Genomic DNA was extracted from each fly and DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on the DNA samples using primers targeting the arthropods mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (mt-coI) gene, and nested PCR with primers targeting the gene for Leishmania internal transcribed spacer-1 (its-1) of ribosomal RNA its-1rRNA. The PCR products were sequenced.ResultsGene sequence analysis revealed five species of sand flies belonging to the old-world genera namely Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. The identified species were P. papatasi (6.45%), S. adleri (6.45%), S. affinis (9.7%), S. distincta (9.7%), S. schwetzi (67.7%). Within the sampling period, sand flies were most abundant in the rainy months of August (104/33.5%) and September (116/37.4%) with all the five identified species occurring. Sequence analysis of its-1 gene identified Leishmania infantum in two sand flies (2/310)- P. papatasi (from Sokoto South) and S. affinis (from Wamakko). BLAST search in NCBI and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sand fly species are related to the species reported in different parts of Africa, while the L. infantum is identical to strain reported in Brazil (KY379083.1).DiscussionPhlebotomus papatasi and four species belonging to the genus Sergentomyia are the most prevalent sand flies in Sokoto State, Nigeria and they harbor L. infantum solely. The results shed light on why visceral leishmaniasis is the most predominant form of the disease. Therefore, we recommend that adequate care for dogs must be instituted as dogs are the major animal reservoir for L. infantum. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:49:17Z |
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| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f389d7b814b47fbaf717d3083f23ad82023-08-31T10:29:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882023-08-011310.3389/fcimb.2023.12196291219629Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored Leishmania spp. in Sokoto State, NigeriaMahmud Usman0Audu Joseph Natala1Isa Danladi Jatau2Ndudim Isaac Ogo3Ghulam Jeelani4Yasuyuki Goto5Tomoyoshi Nozaki6James H. McKerrow7Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun8Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun9Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun10Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun11Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, NigeriaDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaParasitology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, NigeriaDepartment of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaAfrica Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, NigeriaIntroductionFemale sand flies are hematophagous, feeding on animals and in the process serve as vectors for Leishmania, the parasites that cause leishmaniasis in humans. Leishmaniasis are a group of parasitic neglected tropical diseases in 98 countries including Nigeria and kills ~60,000 people/year. In Nigeria, Sokoto State is endemic to leishmaniasis but there is a knowledge gap on the identity of the prevalent sand flies and the Leishmania species they transmit. Hence, this cross-sectional study was designed to take inventory of the species of sand flies in Sokoto using genetic methods.Methods1,260 (310 females) sand flies were collected from three Local Government Areas (L.G.A) of Sokoto State- Wamakko, Sokoto South and Kware. Genomic DNA was extracted from each fly and DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on the DNA samples using primers targeting the arthropods mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (mt-coI) gene, and nested PCR with primers targeting the gene for Leishmania internal transcribed spacer-1 (its-1) of ribosomal RNA its-1rRNA. The PCR products were sequenced.ResultsGene sequence analysis revealed five species of sand flies belonging to the old-world genera namely Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. The identified species were P. papatasi (6.45%), S. adleri (6.45%), S. affinis (9.7%), S. distincta (9.7%), S. schwetzi (67.7%). Within the sampling period, sand flies were most abundant in the rainy months of August (104/33.5%) and September (116/37.4%) with all the five identified species occurring. Sequence analysis of its-1 gene identified Leishmania infantum in two sand flies (2/310)- P. papatasi (from Sokoto South) and S. affinis (from Wamakko). BLAST search in NCBI and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sand fly species are related to the species reported in different parts of Africa, while the L. infantum is identical to strain reported in Brazil (KY379083.1).DiscussionPhlebotomus papatasi and four species belonging to the genus Sergentomyia are the most prevalent sand flies in Sokoto State, Nigeria and they harbor L. infantum solely. The results shed light on why visceral leishmaniasis is the most predominant form of the disease. Therefore, we recommend that adequate care for dogs must be instituted as dogs are the major animal reservoir for L. infantum.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1219629/fullPhylogeneticsPhlebotomusSergentomyiaLeishmania infantumSokoto |
| spellingShingle | Mahmud Usman Audu Joseph Natala Isa Danladi Jatau Ndudim Isaac Ogo Ghulam Jeelani Yasuyuki Goto Tomoyoshi Nozaki James H. McKerrow Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored Leishmania spp. in Sokoto State, Nigeria Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Phylogenetics Phlebotomus Sergentomyia Leishmania infantum Sokoto |
| title | Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored Leishmania spp. in Sokoto State, Nigeria |
| title_full | Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored Leishmania spp. in Sokoto State, Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored Leishmania spp. in Sokoto State, Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored Leishmania spp. in Sokoto State, Nigeria |
| title_short | Molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored Leishmania spp. in Sokoto State, Nigeria |
| title_sort | molecular identification of phlebotomine sand flies and the harbored leishmania spp in sokoto state nigeria |
| topic | Phylogenetics Phlebotomus Sergentomyia Leishmania infantum Sokoto |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1219629/full |
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