Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (known as Chuanxiong in China, CX) is one of the most widely used and long-standing medicinal herbs in China. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid and one of the active components of CX. Over the past few decades, TMP has been proven to possess several pharmacological...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332222003948 |
| _version_ | 1811258821657493504 |
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| author | Jianguo Lin Qingqing Wang Simin Zhou Siyu Xu Kuiwu Yao |
| author_facet | Jianguo Lin Qingqing Wang Simin Zhou Siyu Xu Kuiwu Yao |
| author_sort | Jianguo Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (known as Chuanxiong in China, CX) is one of the most widely used and long-standing medicinal herbs in China. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid and one of the active components of CX. Over the past few decades, TMP has been proven to possess several pharmacological properties. It has been used to treat a variety of diseases with excellent therapeutic effects. Here, the pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanism of TMP in recent years are reviewed, with an emphasis on the signal-regulation mechanism of TMP. This review shows that TMP has many physiological functions, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties; autophagy regulation; vasodilation; angiogenesis regulation; mitochondrial damage suppression; endothelial protection; reduction of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells; and neuroprotection. At present, TMP is used in treating cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive system conditions, cancer, and other conditions and has achieved good curative effects. The therapeutic mechanism of TMP involves multiple targets, multiple pathways, and bidirectional regulation. TMP is, thus, a promising drug with great research potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:20:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f41a1c354554734bc40412980537dfb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0753-3322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T18:20:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f41a1c354554734bc40412980537dfb2022-12-22T03:21:27ZengElsevierBiomedicine & Pharmacotherapy0753-33222022-06-01150113005Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functionsJianguo Lin0Qingqing Wang1Simin Zhou2Siyu Xu3Kuiwu Yao4Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 301617 Tianjin, ChinaGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, ChinaGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, ChinaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100105 Beijing, ChinaGuang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China; Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100040 Beijing, China; Corresponding author at: Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China.Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort (known as Chuanxiong in China, CX) is one of the most widely used and long-standing medicinal herbs in China. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an alkaloid and one of the active components of CX. Over the past few decades, TMP has been proven to possess several pharmacological properties. It has been used to treat a variety of diseases with excellent therapeutic effects. Here, the pharmacological characteristics and molecular mechanism of TMP in recent years are reviewed, with an emphasis on the signal-regulation mechanism of TMP. This review shows that TMP has many physiological functions, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis properties; autophagy regulation; vasodilation; angiogenesis regulation; mitochondrial damage suppression; endothelial protection; reduction of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells; and neuroprotection. At present, TMP is used in treating cardiovascular, nervous, and digestive system conditions, cancer, and other conditions and has achieved good curative effects. The therapeutic mechanism of TMP involves multiple targets, multiple pathways, and bidirectional regulation. TMP is, thus, a promising drug with great research potential.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332222003948TetramethylpyrazineLigusticum chuanxiong HortPharmacologyCardiovascular diseaseCerebrovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | Jianguo Lin Qingqing Wang Simin Zhou Siyu Xu Kuiwu Yao Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Tetramethylpyrazine Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort Pharmacology Cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease |
| title | Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions |
| title_full | Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions |
| title_fullStr | Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions |
| title_short | Tetramethylpyrazine: A review on its mechanisms and functions |
| title_sort | tetramethylpyrazine a review on its mechanisms and functions |
| topic | Tetramethylpyrazine Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort Pharmacology Cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular disease |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332222003948 |
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