Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant
Highlights: 1. This study determined the toxic effects of combining Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale extracts, as people need to be aware of the potential side effects of these common herbal remedies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 2. The combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universitas Airlangga
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Folia Medica Indonesiana |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/FMI/article/view/44455 |
| _version_ | 1827312366843330560 |
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| author | Nadiah Armadanti Salma Tukiran Suyatno Sutoyo Fauzia Indah Sabila |
| author_facet | Nadiah Armadanti Salma Tukiran Suyatno Sutoyo Fauzia Indah Sabila |
| author_sort | Nadiah Armadanti Salma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Highlights:
1. This study determined the toxic effects of combining Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale extracts, as
people need to be aware of the potential side effects of these common herbal remedies for the treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis.
2. The combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale extracts is efficacious and non-toxic as an antiarthritis treatment, hence, the ingredients can be upgraded to standardized herbal medicines and
phytopharmaceuticals.
Abstract
Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) are plant species that have been studied for their
efficacy in treating inflammation related to rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to examine the effects of combining
sappanwood and red ginger in order to determine the potential toxicity of the herbal extracts in medicine. The toxicity
testing was carried out in vivo using 32 Wistar strain male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) grouped into eight groups of four.
The rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant to induce a chronic inflammatory effect. The eight groups consisted
of the negative control group, the positive control group, the normal group, and five treatment groups. This study was
conducted by observing the animals for toxic symptoms and death to determine the safety of the extracts and drugs. The
observation results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (p<0.05). The analysis results showed that weight
gain and relative organ weight among the groups had no significant differences (p>0.05). Microscopic examination of the
organ preparations observed under a light microscope revealed no significant changes or adverse effects in rats treated with
the extracts or drugs. In conclusion, a combination of sappanwood and red ginger ethanol extracts administered orally has
no toxic effect in rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T21:42:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f433e4730124485943650da0f2bdea1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2355-8393 2599-056X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T21:42:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Airlangga |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Folia Medica Indonesiana |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f433e4730124485943650da0f2bdea12024-03-21T05:27:21ZengUniversitas AirlanggaFolia Medica Indonesiana2355-83932599-056X2023-09-0159320521310.20473/fmi.v59i3.4445542537Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund's AdjuvantNadiah Armadanti Salma0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-0123Tukiran1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-128XSuyatno Sutoyo2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8434-8869Fauzia Indah Sabila3https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5930-3155Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia Highlights: 1. This study determined the toxic effects of combining Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale extracts, as people need to be aware of the potential side effects of these common herbal remedies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 2. The combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale extracts is efficacious and non-toxic as an antiarthritis treatment, hence, the ingredients can be upgraded to standardized herbal medicines and phytopharmaceuticals. Abstract Sappanwood (Caesalpinia sappan) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) are plant species that have been studied for their efficacy in treating inflammation related to rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to examine the effects of combining sappanwood and red ginger in order to determine the potential toxicity of the herbal extracts in medicine. The toxicity testing was carried out in vivo using 32 Wistar strain male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) grouped into eight groups of four. The rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant to induce a chronic inflammatory effect. The eight groups consisted of the negative control group, the positive control group, the normal group, and five treatment groups. This study was conducted by observing the animals for toxic symptoms and death to determine the safety of the extracts and drugs. The observation results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (p<0.05). The analysis results showed that weight gain and relative organ weight among the groups had no significant differences (p>0.05). Microscopic examination of the organ preparations observed under a light microscope revealed no significant changes or adverse effects in rats treated with the extracts or drugs. In conclusion, a combination of sappanwood and red ginger ethanol extracts administered orally has no toxic effect in rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant.https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/FMI/article/view/44455rheumatoid arthritisred gingersappanwoodtoxicity testgood health and well-being |
| spellingShingle | Nadiah Armadanti Salma Tukiran Suyatno Sutoyo Fauzia Indah Sabila Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant Folia Medica Indonesiana rheumatoid arthritis red ginger sappanwood toxicity test good health and well-being |
| title | Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant |
| title_full | Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant |
| title_short | Toxicity Test on the Combination of Caesalpinia sappan and Zingiber officinale in Rattus norvegicus Induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant |
| title_sort | toxicity test on the combination of caesalpinia sappan and zingiber officinale in rattus norvegicus induced by complete freund s adjuvant |
| topic | rheumatoid arthritis red ginger sappanwood toxicity test good health and well-being |
| url | https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/FMI/article/view/44455 |
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