Assessment of Sea-Surface Wind Retrieval from C-Band Miniaturized SAR Imagery
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely used for observing sea-surface wind fields (SSWFs), with many scholars having evaluated the performance of SAR in SSWF retrieval. Due to the large systems and high costs of traditional SAR, a tendency towards the development of smaller and more cost-eff...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6313 |
| _version_ | 1797587491736256512 |
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| author | Yan Wang Yan Li Yanshuang Xie Guomei Wei Zhigang He Xupu Geng Shaoping Shang |
| author_facet | Yan Wang Yan Li Yanshuang Xie Guomei Wei Zhigang He Xupu Geng Shaoping Shang |
| author_sort | Yan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely used for observing sea-surface wind fields (SSWFs), with many scholars having evaluated the performance of SAR in SSWF retrieval. Due to the large systems and high costs of traditional SAR, a tendency towards the development of smaller and more cost-effective SAR systems has emerged. However, to date, there has been no evaluation of the SSWF retrieval performance of miniaturized SAR systems. This study utilized 1053 HiSea-1 and Chaohu-1 miniaturized SAR images covering the Southeast China Sea to retrieve SSWFs. After a quality control procedure, the retrieved winds were subsequently compared with ERA5, buoy, and ASCAT data. The retrieved wind speeds demonstrated root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 2.42 m/s, 1.64 m/s, and 3.29 m/s, respectively, while the mean bias errors (MBEs) were found to be −0.44 m/s, 1.08 m/s, and −1.65 m/s, respectively. Furthermore, the retrieved wind directions exhibited RMSEs of 11.5°, 36.8°, and 41.7°, with corresponding MBEs of −1.3°, 2.4°, and −8.8°, respectively. The results indicate that HiSea-1 and Chaohu-1 SAR satellites have the potential and practicality for SSWF retrieval, validating the technical indicators and performance requirements implemented during the satellites’ design phase. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:40:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f550431bb0340609deb851873ad3b68 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:40:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f550431bb0340609deb851873ad3b682023-11-18T21:15:59ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-07-012314631310.3390/s23146313Assessment of Sea-Surface Wind Retrieval from C-Band Miniaturized SAR ImageryYan Wang0Yan Li1Yanshuang Xie2Guomei Wei3Zhigang He4Xupu Geng5Shaoping Shang6College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaDongshan Swire Marine Station, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaCollege of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, ChinaSynthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been widely used for observing sea-surface wind fields (SSWFs), with many scholars having evaluated the performance of SAR in SSWF retrieval. Due to the large systems and high costs of traditional SAR, a tendency towards the development of smaller and more cost-effective SAR systems has emerged. However, to date, there has been no evaluation of the SSWF retrieval performance of miniaturized SAR systems. This study utilized 1053 HiSea-1 and Chaohu-1 miniaturized SAR images covering the Southeast China Sea to retrieve SSWFs. After a quality control procedure, the retrieved winds were subsequently compared with ERA5, buoy, and ASCAT data. The retrieved wind speeds demonstrated root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 2.42 m/s, 1.64 m/s, and 3.29 m/s, respectively, while the mean bias errors (MBEs) were found to be −0.44 m/s, 1.08 m/s, and −1.65 m/s, respectively. Furthermore, the retrieved wind directions exhibited RMSEs of 11.5°, 36.8°, and 41.7°, with corresponding MBEs of −1.3°, 2.4°, and −8.8°, respectively. The results indicate that HiSea-1 and Chaohu-1 SAR satellites have the potential and practicality for SSWF retrieval, validating the technical indicators and performance requirements implemented during the satellites’ design phase.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6313HiSea-1Chaohu-1windSAR |
| spellingShingle | Yan Wang Yan Li Yanshuang Xie Guomei Wei Zhigang He Xupu Geng Shaoping Shang Assessment of Sea-Surface Wind Retrieval from C-Band Miniaturized SAR Imagery Sensors HiSea-1 Chaohu-1 wind SAR |
| title | Assessment of Sea-Surface Wind Retrieval from C-Band Miniaturized SAR Imagery |
| title_full | Assessment of Sea-Surface Wind Retrieval from C-Band Miniaturized SAR Imagery |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Sea-Surface Wind Retrieval from C-Band Miniaturized SAR Imagery |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Sea-Surface Wind Retrieval from C-Band Miniaturized SAR Imagery |
| title_short | Assessment of Sea-Surface Wind Retrieval from C-Band Miniaturized SAR Imagery |
| title_sort | assessment of sea surface wind retrieval from c band miniaturized sar imagery |
| topic | HiSea-1 Chaohu-1 wind SAR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/14/6313 |
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