Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chain
Abstract The previous few decades have seen widespread environmental exposure to munitions and explosives systems in and around war and weapon testing ranges. Most contemporary warheads use explosives to launch metal shards and charge jets to destroy targets. Presently, Warheads with improved blast...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Discover Sustainability |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-023-00173-3 |
| _version_ | 1797388520105443328 |
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| author | Arup Giri Vijay K. Bharti Purabi Garai K. P. Singh |
| author_facet | Arup Giri Vijay K. Bharti Purabi Garai K. P. Singh |
| author_sort | Arup Giri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The previous few decades have seen widespread environmental exposure to munitions and explosives systems in and around war and weapon testing ranges. Most contemporary warheads use explosives to launch metal shards and charge jets to destroy targets. Presently, Warheads with improved blast performance and shelf life are manufactured using technologies with improved blast performance; among them, plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) have emerged as one of the most promising high explosives for use in various ammunition warheads. The hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder-based PBX has metals like aluminium (Al) and magnesium (Mg) to improve munitions performance by boosting blast pressure. Further, magnesium hydride and other derivatives are commonly added to energetic formulations to enhance the heat of explosion of aluminized explosives and to improve burn rate of certain propellants. So, explosions of these warheads and munitions leave thick fumes and residues in the battlefield soil, which release toxic chemicals, including magnesium, into the air, water, and soil. Later on, magnesium metal contamination negatively impacts the environment and food chain. Hence, magnesium toxicity in the environment, including soil, water, plants, and animals, is the subject of this research and a significant concern to animal and human health. Until now, enough literature has been unavailable; hence, this review brings knowledge on the ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosives and their possible alarming effects on animal and human health by affecting the food chain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:42:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f61b867c7404afebed3ef6d1159fdf4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2662-9984 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T22:42:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Sustainability |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f61b867c7404afebed3ef6d1159fdf42023-12-17T12:04:34ZengSpringerDiscover Sustainability2662-99842023-12-014111110.1007/s43621-023-00173-3Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chainArup Giri0Vijay K. Bharti1Purabi Garai2K. P. Singh3Department of Zoology, Baba Mastnath University (BMU)DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR)DRDO-High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL)DRDO-Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE)Abstract The previous few decades have seen widespread environmental exposure to munitions and explosives systems in and around war and weapon testing ranges. Most contemporary warheads use explosives to launch metal shards and charge jets to destroy targets. Presently, Warheads with improved blast performance and shelf life are manufactured using technologies with improved blast performance; among them, plastic-bonded explosives (PBX) have emerged as one of the most promising high explosives for use in various ammunition warheads. The hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) binder-based PBX has metals like aluminium (Al) and magnesium (Mg) to improve munitions performance by boosting blast pressure. Further, magnesium hydride and other derivatives are commonly added to energetic formulations to enhance the heat of explosion of aluminized explosives and to improve burn rate of certain propellants. So, explosions of these warheads and munitions leave thick fumes and residues in the battlefield soil, which release toxic chemicals, including magnesium, into the air, water, and soil. Later on, magnesium metal contamination negatively impacts the environment and food chain. Hence, magnesium toxicity in the environment, including soil, water, plants, and animals, is the subject of this research and a significant concern to animal and human health. Until now, enough literature has been unavailable; hence, this review brings knowledge on the ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosives and their possible alarming effects on animal and human health by affecting the food chain.https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-023-00173-3Animal healthEco-toxicologyExplosiveHuman HealthMagnesium |
| spellingShingle | Arup Giri Vijay K. Bharti Purabi Garai K. P. Singh Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chain Discover Sustainability Animal health Eco-toxicology Explosive Human Health Magnesium |
| title | Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chain |
| title_full | Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chain |
| title_fullStr | Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chain |
| title_short | Ecotoxicology of magnesium-based explosive: impact on animal and human food chain |
| title_sort | ecotoxicology of magnesium based explosive impact on animal and human food chain |
| topic | Animal health Eco-toxicology Explosive Human Health Magnesium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-023-00173-3 |
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