Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages
Bacteriophage therapy presents a promising avenue for combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Yet, challenges exist, particularly, the lack of a straightforward purification pipeline suitable for widespread application to many phage types, as some phages are known to undergo significant...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/3/369 |
| _version_ | 1797239974366543872 |
|---|---|
| author | Adrian Lomeli-Martin Zakia Azad Julie A. Thomas Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas |
| author_facet | Adrian Lomeli-Martin Zakia Azad Julie A. Thomas Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas |
| author_sort | Adrian Lomeli-Martin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacteriophage therapy presents a promising avenue for combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Yet, challenges exist, particularly, the lack of a straightforward purification pipeline suitable for widespread application to many phage types, as some phages are known to undergo significant titer loss when purified via current techniques. Electrokinetic methods offer a potential solution to this hurdle, with nonlinear electrophoresis emerging as a particularly appealing approach due to its ability to discern both the size and shape of the target phage particles. Presented herein is the electrokinetic characterization of the mobility of nonlinear electrophoresis for two phages (SPN3US and ϕKZ) and three types of polystyrene nanoparticles. The latter served as controls and were selected based on their sizes and surface charge magnitude. Particle tracking velocimetry experiments were conducted to characterize the mobility of all five particles included in this study. The results indicated that the selected nanoparticles effectively replicate the migration behavior of the two phages under electric fields. Further, it was found that there is a significant difference in the nonlinear electrophoretic response of phages and that of host cells, as first characterized in a previous report, illustrating that electrokinetic-based separations are feasible. The findings from this work are the first characterization of the behavior of phages under nonlinear electrophoresis effects and illustrate the potential for the development of electrokinetic-based phage purification techniques that could aid the advancement of bacteriophage therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:00:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f62ffba4f094bdc835505513d388c96 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:00:03Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f62ffba4f094bdc835505513d388c962024-03-27T13:55:11ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2024-03-0115336910.3390/mi15030369Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and BacteriophagesAdrian Lomeli-Martin0Zakia Azad1Julie A. Thomas2Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas3Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USAThomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USAThomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USAMicroscale Bioseparations Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 160 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USABacteriophage therapy presents a promising avenue for combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Yet, challenges exist, particularly, the lack of a straightforward purification pipeline suitable for widespread application to many phage types, as some phages are known to undergo significant titer loss when purified via current techniques. Electrokinetic methods offer a potential solution to this hurdle, with nonlinear electrophoresis emerging as a particularly appealing approach due to its ability to discern both the size and shape of the target phage particles. Presented herein is the electrokinetic characterization of the mobility of nonlinear electrophoresis for two phages (SPN3US and ϕKZ) and three types of polystyrene nanoparticles. The latter served as controls and were selected based on their sizes and surface charge magnitude. Particle tracking velocimetry experiments were conducted to characterize the mobility of all five particles included in this study. The results indicated that the selected nanoparticles effectively replicate the migration behavior of the two phages under electric fields. Further, it was found that there is a significant difference in the nonlinear electrophoretic response of phages and that of host cells, as first characterized in a previous report, illustrating that electrokinetic-based separations are feasible. The findings from this work are the first characterization of the behavior of phages under nonlinear electrophoresis effects and illustrate the potential for the development of electrokinetic-based phage purification techniques that could aid the advancement of bacteriophage therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/3/369bacteriophagesnanoparticlesnonlinear electrophoresismicrofluidics |
| spellingShingle | Adrian Lomeli-Martin Zakia Azad Julie A. Thomas Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages Micromachines bacteriophages nanoparticles nonlinear electrophoresis microfluidics |
| title | Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages |
| title_full | Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages |
| title_short | Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages |
| title_sort | assessment of the nonlinear electrophoretic migration of nanoparticles and bacteriophages |
| topic | bacteriophages nanoparticles nonlinear electrophoresis microfluidics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/3/369 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adrianlomelimartin assessmentofthenonlinearelectrophoreticmigrationofnanoparticlesandbacteriophages AT zakiaazad assessmentofthenonlinearelectrophoreticmigrationofnanoparticlesandbacteriophages AT julieathomas assessmentofthenonlinearelectrophoreticmigrationofnanoparticlesandbacteriophages AT blancahlapizcoencinas assessmentofthenonlinearelectrophoreticmigrationofnanoparticlesandbacteriophages |