SEPALLATA-like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs
Background The architecture of inflorescence and the development of floral organs can influence the yield of seeds and have a significant impact on plant propagation. E-class floral homeotic MADS-box genes exhibit important roles in regulation of floral transition and differentiation of floral organ...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/13034.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797419149192855552 |
|---|---|
| author | Yan-Qin Ma Zuo-Qian Pu Xiao-Min Tan Qi Meng Kai-Li Zhang Liu Yang Ye-Ye Ma Xuan Huang Zi-Qin Xu |
| author_facet | Yan-Qin Ma Zuo-Qian Pu Xiao-Min Tan Qi Meng Kai-Li Zhang Liu Yang Ye-Ye Ma Xuan Huang Zi-Qin Xu |
| author_sort | Yan-Qin Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background The architecture of inflorescence and the development of floral organs can influence the yield of seeds and have a significant impact on plant propagation. E-class floral homeotic MADS-box genes exhibit important roles in regulation of floral transition and differentiation of floral organs. Woad (Isatis indigotica) possesses unique inflorescence, floral organs and fruit. However, very little research has been carried out to determine the function of MADS-box genes in this medicinal cruciferous plant species. Results SEPALLATA orthologs in I. indigotica were cloned by degenerate PCR. The sequence possessing the highest identity with SEP2 and SEP4 of Arabidopsis were named as IiSEP2 and IiSEP4, respectively. Constitutive expression of IiSEP2 in Columbia (Col-0) ecotype of Arabidopsis led to early flowering, and the number of the flowers and the lateral branches was reduced, indicating an alteration in architecture of the inflorescences. Moreover, the number of the floral organs was declined, the sepals were turned into carpelloid tissues bearing stigmatic papillae and ovules, and secondary flower could be produced in apetalous terminal flowers. In 35S::IiSEP4-GFP transgenic Arabidopsis plants in Landsberg erecta (Ler) genetic background, the number of the floral organs was decreased, sepals were converted into curly carpelloid structures, accompanied by generation of ovules. Simultaneously, the size of petals, stamens and siliques was diminished. In 35S::IiSEP4-GFP transgenic plants of apetalous ap1 cal double mutant in Ler genetic background, the cauliflower phenotype was attenuated significantly, and the petal formation could be rescued. Occasionally, chimeric organs composed of petaloid and sepaloid tissues, or petaloid and stamineous tissues, were produced in IiSEP4 transgenic plants of apl cal double mutant. It suggested that overexpression of IiSEP4 could restore the capacity in petal differentiation. Silencing of IiSEP4 by Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) can delay the flowering time, and reduce the number and size of the floral organs in woad flowers. Conclusion All the results showed that SEPALLATA-like genes could influence the architecture of the inflorescence and the determinacy of the floral meristems, and was also related to development of the floral organs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:43:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f747968bf634820a40c558d97eace88 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:43:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f747968bf634820a40c558d97eace882023-12-03T10:40:52ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-03-0110e1303410.7717/peerj.13034SEPALLATA-like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organsYan-Qin MaZuo-Qian PuXiao-Min TanQi MengKai-Li ZhangLiu YangYe-Ye MaXuan HuangZi-Qin XuBackground The architecture of inflorescence and the development of floral organs can influence the yield of seeds and have a significant impact on plant propagation. E-class floral homeotic MADS-box genes exhibit important roles in regulation of floral transition and differentiation of floral organs. Woad (Isatis indigotica) possesses unique inflorescence, floral organs and fruit. However, very little research has been carried out to determine the function of MADS-box genes in this medicinal cruciferous plant species. Results SEPALLATA orthologs in I. indigotica were cloned by degenerate PCR. The sequence possessing the highest identity with SEP2 and SEP4 of Arabidopsis were named as IiSEP2 and IiSEP4, respectively. Constitutive expression of IiSEP2 in Columbia (Col-0) ecotype of Arabidopsis led to early flowering, and the number of the flowers and the lateral branches was reduced, indicating an alteration in architecture of the inflorescences. Moreover, the number of the floral organs was declined, the sepals were turned into carpelloid tissues bearing stigmatic papillae and ovules, and secondary flower could be produced in apetalous terminal flowers. In 35S::IiSEP4-GFP transgenic Arabidopsis plants in Landsberg erecta (Ler) genetic background, the number of the floral organs was decreased, sepals were converted into curly carpelloid structures, accompanied by generation of ovules. Simultaneously, the size of petals, stamens and siliques was diminished. In 35S::IiSEP4-GFP transgenic plants of apetalous ap1 cal double mutant in Ler genetic background, the cauliflower phenotype was attenuated significantly, and the petal formation could be rescued. Occasionally, chimeric organs composed of petaloid and sepaloid tissues, or petaloid and stamineous tissues, were produced in IiSEP4 transgenic plants of apl cal double mutant. It suggested that overexpression of IiSEP4 could restore the capacity in petal differentiation. Silencing of IiSEP4 by Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) can delay the flowering time, and reduce the number and size of the floral organs in woad flowers. Conclusion All the results showed that SEPALLATA-like genes could influence the architecture of the inflorescence and the determinacy of the floral meristems, and was also related to development of the floral organs.https://peerj.com/articles/13034.pdfIsatis indigotica FortuneArabidopsis thalianaSEPALLATA-like genesInflorescence architectureFloral transitionFloral organ differentiation |
| spellingShingle | Yan-Qin Ma Zuo-Qian Pu Xiao-Min Tan Qi Meng Kai-Li Zhang Liu Yang Ye-Ye Ma Xuan Huang Zi-Qin Xu SEPALLATA-like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs PeerJ Isatis indigotica Fortune Arabidopsis thaliana SEPALLATA-like genes Inflorescence architecture Floral transition Floral organ differentiation |
| title | SEPALLATA-like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs |
| title_full | SEPALLATA-like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs |
| title_fullStr | SEPALLATA-like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs |
| title_full_unstemmed | SEPALLATA-like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs |
| title_short | SEPALLATA-like genes of Isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs |
| title_sort | sepallata like genes of isatis indigotica can affect the architecture of the inflorescences and the development of the floral organs |
| topic | Isatis indigotica Fortune Arabidopsis thaliana SEPALLATA-like genes Inflorescence architecture Floral transition Floral organ differentiation |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/13034.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yanqinma sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans AT zuoqianpu sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans AT xiaomintan sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans AT qimeng sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans AT kailizhang sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans AT liuyang sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans AT yeyema sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans AT xuanhuang sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans AT ziqinxu sepallatalikegenesofisatisindigoticacanaffectthearchitectureoftheinflorescencesandthedevelopmentofthefloralorgans |