B cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: insights from therapeutic interventions
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration. Historically, damage to the CNS was thought to be mediated predominantly by activated pro-inflammatory T cells. B cell involvement in the pathogenesis of MS...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00642/full |
| _version_ | 1818020060389703680 |
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| author | Nele eClaes Judith eFraussen Piet eStinissen Raymond eHupperts Raymond eHupperts Veerle eSomers |
| author_facet | Nele eClaes Judith eFraussen Piet eStinissen Raymond eHupperts Raymond eHupperts Veerle eSomers |
| author_sort | Nele eClaes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration. Historically, damage to the CNS was thought to be mediated predominantly by activated pro-inflammatory T cells. B cell involvement in the pathogenesis of MS was solely attributed to autoantibody production. The first clues for the involvement of antibody-independent B cell functions in MS pathology came from positive results in clinical trials of the B cell depleting treatment rituximab in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. The survival of antibody-secreting plasma cells and decrease in T cell numbers indicated the importance of other B cell functions in MS such as antigen presentation, costimulation and cytokine production. Rituximab provided us with an example of how clinical trials can lead to new research opportunities concerning B cell biology. Moreover, analysis of the antibody-independent B cell functions in MS has gained interest since these trials. Limited information is present on the effects of current immunomodulatory therapies on B cell functions, although effects of both first-line (interferon, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide), second-line (fingolimod, natalizumab) and even third-line (monoclonal antibody therapies) treatments on B cell subtype distribution, expression of functional surface markers and secretion of different cytokines by B cells have been studied to some extent. In this review, we summarize the effects of different MS related treatments on B cell functions that have been described up to now in order to find new research opportunities and contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of MS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T08:00:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f8b444d2c674e6c885f916c13c73311 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T08:00:02Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f8b444d2c674e6c885f916c13c733112022-12-22T02:04:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242015-12-01610.3389/fimmu.2015.00642156138B cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: insights from therapeutic interventionsNele eClaes0Judith eFraussen1Piet eStinissen2Raymond eHupperts3Raymond eHupperts4Veerle eSomers5Hasselt UniversityHasselt UniversityHasselt UniversityMaastricht UniversityOrbis Medical CenterHasselt UniversityMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a severe disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by autoimmune inflammation and neurodegeneration. Historically, damage to the CNS was thought to be mediated predominantly by activated pro-inflammatory T cells. B cell involvement in the pathogenesis of MS was solely attributed to autoantibody production. The first clues for the involvement of antibody-independent B cell functions in MS pathology came from positive results in clinical trials of the B cell depleting treatment rituximab in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS. The survival of antibody-secreting plasma cells and decrease in T cell numbers indicated the importance of other B cell functions in MS such as antigen presentation, costimulation and cytokine production. Rituximab provided us with an example of how clinical trials can lead to new research opportunities concerning B cell biology. Moreover, analysis of the antibody-independent B cell functions in MS has gained interest since these trials. Limited information is present on the effects of current immunomodulatory therapies on B cell functions, although effects of both first-line (interferon, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate and teriflunomide), second-line (fingolimod, natalizumab) and even third-line (monoclonal antibody therapies) treatments on B cell subtype distribution, expression of functional surface markers and secretion of different cytokines by B cells have been studied to some extent. In this review, we summarize the effects of different MS related treatments on B cell functions that have been described up to now in order to find new research opportunities and contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of MS.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00642/fullAntibodiesAntigen PresentationCytokinesMultiple Sclerosistherapycostimulation |
| spellingShingle | Nele eClaes Judith eFraussen Piet eStinissen Raymond eHupperts Raymond eHupperts Veerle eSomers B cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: insights from therapeutic interventions Frontiers in Immunology Antibodies Antigen Presentation Cytokines Multiple Sclerosis therapy costimulation |
| title | B cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: insights from therapeutic interventions |
| title_full | B cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: insights from therapeutic interventions |
| title_fullStr | B cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: insights from therapeutic interventions |
| title_full_unstemmed | B cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: insights from therapeutic interventions |
| title_short | B cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis: insights from therapeutic interventions |
| title_sort | b cells are multifunctional players in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis insights from therapeutic interventions |
| topic | Antibodies Antigen Presentation Cytokines Multiple Sclerosis therapy costimulation |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00642/full |
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