Fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N Fates of the Coastal Saline Soil-Wheat Systems with Different Salinization Degrees in the Yellow River Delta
In order to clarify the fates of fertilizer N in coastal saline soil-wheat systems with different salinization degrees, this study was conducted to determine the <sup>15</sup>N uptake rates in various parts of wheat plant at maturity stage and the residual <sup>15</sup>N in t...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| author | Kongming Zhu Fupeng Song Fujian Duan Yuping Zhuge Weifeng Chen Quangang Yang Xinsong Guo Pizheng Hong Li Wan Qun Lin |
| author_facet | Kongming Zhu Fupeng Song Fujian Duan Yuping Zhuge Weifeng Chen Quangang Yang Xinsong Guo Pizheng Hong Li Wan Qun Lin |
| author_sort | Kongming Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to clarify the fates of fertilizer N in coastal saline soil-wheat systems with different salinization degrees, this study was conducted to determine the <sup>15</sup>N uptake rates in various parts of wheat plant at maturity stage and the residual <sup>15</sup>N in three different saline soils and the <sup>15</sup>N loss of soil-wheat systems by using the <sup>15</sup>N-labeled urea N tracing method in the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that: (1) The increase of soil salinity from 0.2% to 1% promoted the wheat plant to absorb N from soil and not from fertilizer and significantly inhibited the dry matter mass accumulation and <sup>15</sup>N uptakes of each wheat parts and whole plant, but especially increased the total N concentration of wheat roots, stems, leaves, and grains. The aggravation of soil salinity significantly enhanced the distribution ratios of <sup>15</sup>N uptakes and Ndffs in the wheat roots, stems, and leaves to depress the salt stress. (2) The <sup>15</sup>N residues were mainly concentrated in the 0~20 cm saline soil layer and decreased as the soil profile deepened from 0 to 100 cm; the <sup>15</sup>N residues decreased in the 0~40 cm soil profile layer and accumulated in the 40~100 cm with the increase of soil salinization degrees significantly. (3) The fates of <sup>15</sup>N applied to the coastal saline soil-wheat system were wheat uptakes 1.53~13.96%, soil residues 10.05~48.69%, losses 37.35~88.42%, with the lowest <sup>15</sup>N uptake and utilization in the three saline soils, the highest residual rate in lightly saline soils, and the highest loss in moderately and heavily saline soils. The increase of soil salinity inhibits wheat uptakes and soil residues and intensifies the losses from fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N. Therefore, the fate of fertilizer N losses significantly increased as the degree of soil salinity increased. The conventional N management that was extremely inefficient for more N loss should be optimized to enhance the N efficiency and wheat yield of the coastal saline soil-wheat system in the Yellow River Delta. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-0f927ae084c6409c8fae39e1677f79682023-11-24T10:22:22ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-11-011422374810.3390/w14223748Fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N Fates of the Coastal Saline Soil-Wheat Systems with Different Salinization Degrees in the Yellow River DeltaKongming Zhu0Fupeng Song1Fujian Duan2Yuping Zhuge3Weifeng Chen4Quangang Yang5Xinsong Guo6Pizheng Hong7Li Wan8Qun Lin9National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province for Efficient Utilization of Humic Acid, Shandong Nongda Fertilizer Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Feicheng 271600, ChinaEngineering Technology Research Center of Shandong Province for Efficient Utilization of Humic Acid, Shandong Nongda Fertilizer Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Feicheng 271600, ChinaShandong Ludong Road and Bridge Co., Ltd., Dongying 257000, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaIn order to clarify the fates of fertilizer N in coastal saline soil-wheat systems with different salinization degrees, this study was conducted to determine the <sup>15</sup>N uptake rates in various parts of wheat plant at maturity stage and the residual <sup>15</sup>N in three different saline soils and the <sup>15</sup>N loss of soil-wheat systems by using the <sup>15</sup>N-labeled urea N tracing method in the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that: (1) The increase of soil salinity from 0.2% to 1% promoted the wheat plant to absorb N from soil and not from fertilizer and significantly inhibited the dry matter mass accumulation and <sup>15</sup>N uptakes of each wheat parts and whole plant, but especially increased the total N concentration of wheat roots, stems, leaves, and grains. The aggravation of soil salinity significantly enhanced the distribution ratios of <sup>15</sup>N uptakes and Ndffs in the wheat roots, stems, and leaves to depress the salt stress. (2) The <sup>15</sup>N residues were mainly concentrated in the 0~20 cm saline soil layer and decreased as the soil profile deepened from 0 to 100 cm; the <sup>15</sup>N residues decreased in the 0~40 cm soil profile layer and accumulated in the 40~100 cm with the increase of soil salinization degrees significantly. (3) The fates of <sup>15</sup>N applied to the coastal saline soil-wheat system were wheat uptakes 1.53~13.96%, soil residues 10.05~48.69%, losses 37.35~88.42%, with the lowest <sup>15</sup>N uptake and utilization in the three saline soils, the highest residual rate in lightly saline soils, and the highest loss in moderately and heavily saline soils. The increase of soil salinity inhibits wheat uptakes and soil residues and intensifies the losses from fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N. Therefore, the fate of fertilizer N losses significantly increased as the degree of soil salinity increased. The conventional N management that was extremely inefficient for more N loss should be optimized to enhance the N efficiency and wheat yield of the coastal saline soil-wheat system in the Yellow River Delta.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3748fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N fatecoastal saline soil-wheat systemN uptakeN residueN loss |
| spellingShingle | Kongming Zhu Fupeng Song Fujian Duan Yuping Zhuge Weifeng Chen Quangang Yang Xinsong Guo Pizheng Hong Li Wan Qun Lin Fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N Fates of the Coastal Saline Soil-Wheat Systems with Different Salinization Degrees in the Yellow River Delta Water fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N fate coastal saline soil-wheat system N uptake N residue N loss |
| title | Fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N Fates of the Coastal Saline Soil-Wheat Systems with Different Salinization Degrees in the Yellow River Delta |
| title_full | Fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N Fates of the Coastal Saline Soil-Wheat Systems with Different Salinization Degrees in the Yellow River Delta |
| title_fullStr | Fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N Fates of the Coastal Saline Soil-Wheat Systems with Different Salinization Degrees in the Yellow River Delta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N Fates of the Coastal Saline Soil-Wheat Systems with Different Salinization Degrees in the Yellow River Delta |
| title_short | Fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N Fates of the Coastal Saline Soil-Wheat Systems with Different Salinization Degrees in the Yellow River Delta |
| title_sort | fertilizer sup 15 sup n fates of the coastal saline soil wheat systems with different salinization degrees in the yellow river delta |
| topic | fertilizer <sup>15</sup>N fate coastal saline soil-wheat system N uptake N residue N loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/22/3748 |
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