Reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly Saudi population: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Hand grip strength (HGS) is an important function of upper extremities for older adults. Several studies have shown the importance of measuring HGS in different settings. Current established normative values of HGS are applicable for Western countries. However, there is limited i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2019-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Geriatrics |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-019-1288-7 |
| _version_ | 1818280105245409280 |
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| author | Bader Alqahtani Aqeel Alenazi Mohammed Alshehri Mohammed Alqahtani Ragab Elnaggar |
| author_facet | Bader Alqahtani Aqeel Alenazi Mohammed Alshehri Mohammed Alqahtani Ragab Elnaggar |
| author_sort | Bader Alqahtani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Hand grip strength (HGS) is an important function of upper extremities for older adults. Several studies have shown the importance of measuring HGS in different settings. Current established normative values of HGS are applicable for Western countries. However, there is limited information of normative values of HGS after considering demographics in Saudi population. Therefore, this study aimed to establish normative values of HGS stratified by age and gender, and to determine the association of anthropometric measurements with the HGS in Saudi population. Methods A cross-sectional study included a total of 1048 participants (mean age 73 ± 5 years). Grip strength was calculated by the average peak force of three trials for the dominant hand using a dynamometer. Sociodemographic data on age, gender, marital status, educational levels were collected. Anthropometric measurements including height, body mass index, arm circumference, and upper arm length were obtained. The sample was categorized into three age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, and 75–80 years. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between the sociodemographic and anthropometric data and HGS. Results The mean values of HGS (kg) for men for each age group were 36.9 ± 8.3 for the younger group, 35.7 ± 7.4 for the 70–74 years group and 30.5 ± 7.1 for the older group. The mean values of HGS for women for each group were 23.2 ± 4.7 for the younger group, 21.1 ± 4.6 for the 70–74 years group and 18.8 ± 4.9 for the older group. The HGS was negatively associated with the age for men (B = -.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−.52, −.29], p < 0.001) and women (B = -.30, 95% CI [− 0.38, − 0.22], p < 0.001), and positively associated with the arm length in men (B = .87, 95% CI [.60, 1.15], p < 0.001). The HGS was positively associated with the educational level in men (B = .66, 95% CI [.09,1.21], p = .02), but negatively associated in women (B = -.42, 95% CI [− 0.75, − 0.08], p = .01). Conclusion This study is the first that established normative values of HGS for older adults in Saudi Arabia. Future research may benefit from the current normative value of HGS in Saudi population for geriatric rehabilitation programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T23:43:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f95fb37f41343b4ac096f936e02fdb9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2318 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T23:43:56Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f95fb37f41343b4ac096f936e02fdb92022-12-22T00:06:57ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182019-10-011911610.1186/s12877-019-1288-7Reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly Saudi population: a cross-sectional studyBader Alqahtani0Aqeel Alenazi1Mohammed Alshehri2Mohammed Alqahtani3Ragab Elnaggar4Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan UniversityCollege of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom UniversityDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAbstract Background Hand grip strength (HGS) is an important function of upper extremities for older adults. Several studies have shown the importance of measuring HGS in different settings. Current established normative values of HGS are applicable for Western countries. However, there is limited information of normative values of HGS after considering demographics in Saudi population. Therefore, this study aimed to establish normative values of HGS stratified by age and gender, and to determine the association of anthropometric measurements with the HGS in Saudi population. Methods A cross-sectional study included a total of 1048 participants (mean age 73 ± 5 years). Grip strength was calculated by the average peak force of three trials for the dominant hand using a dynamometer. Sociodemographic data on age, gender, marital status, educational levels were collected. Anthropometric measurements including height, body mass index, arm circumference, and upper arm length were obtained. The sample was categorized into three age groups: 65–69 years, 70–74 years, and 75–80 years. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between the sociodemographic and anthropometric data and HGS. Results The mean values of HGS (kg) for men for each age group were 36.9 ± 8.3 for the younger group, 35.7 ± 7.4 for the 70–74 years group and 30.5 ± 7.1 for the older group. The mean values of HGS for women for each group were 23.2 ± 4.7 for the younger group, 21.1 ± 4.6 for the 70–74 years group and 18.8 ± 4.9 for the older group. The HGS was negatively associated with the age for men (B = -.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−.52, −.29], p < 0.001) and women (B = -.30, 95% CI [− 0.38, − 0.22], p < 0.001), and positively associated with the arm length in men (B = .87, 95% CI [.60, 1.15], p < 0.001). The HGS was positively associated with the educational level in men (B = .66, 95% CI [.09,1.21], p = .02), but negatively associated in women (B = -.42, 95% CI [− 0.75, − 0.08], p = .01). Conclusion This study is the first that established normative values of HGS for older adults in Saudi Arabia. Future research may benefit from the current normative value of HGS in Saudi population for geriatric rehabilitation programs.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-019-1288-7Handgrip strengthSaudiOlder adults |
| spellingShingle | Bader Alqahtani Aqeel Alenazi Mohammed Alshehri Mohammed Alqahtani Ragab Elnaggar Reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly Saudi population: a cross-sectional study BMC Geriatrics Handgrip strength Saudi Older adults |
| title | Reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly Saudi population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly Saudi population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly Saudi population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly Saudi population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly Saudi population: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | reference values and associated factors of hand grip strength in elderly saudi population a cross sectional study |
| topic | Handgrip strength Saudi Older adults |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-019-1288-7 |
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