Analysis of the Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Following Simulated In Vitro Digestion
Several metallic nanomaterials (NMs), such as titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO<sub>2</sub>), present beneficial properties with a broad range of innovative applications. The human population is exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub>, particularly by ingestion, due to its increasing us...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/8/1516 |
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| author | Ana Bettencourt Lídia M. Gonçalves Ana C. Gramacho Adriana Vieira Dora Rolo Carla Martins Ricardo Assunção Paula Alvito Maria João Silva Henriqueta Louro |
| author_facet | Ana Bettencourt Lídia M. Gonçalves Ana C. Gramacho Adriana Vieira Dora Rolo Carla Martins Ricardo Assunção Paula Alvito Maria João Silva Henriqueta Louro |
| author_sort | Ana Bettencourt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several metallic nanomaterials (NMs), such as titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO<sub>2</sub>), present beneficial properties with a broad range of innovative applications. The human population is exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub>, particularly by ingestion, due to its increasing use as a food additive and inclusion in dietary supplements and food packaging materials. Whether this oral exposure may lead to adverse local or systemic outcomes has been the subject of research, but studies have generated contradictory results, reflecting differences in the physicochemical properties of the TiO<sub>2</sub> studied, effects of the surrounding matrix, and modifications during digestion. This work aimed to investigate the toxic effects of three different TiO<sub>2</sub> NMs (NM-103, NM-103 and NM-105) on the gastrointestinal tract cells, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12, after the use of the standardized static INFOGEST 2.0 in vitro digestion method to mimic human digestion of TiO<sub>2</sub>, contributing to hazard assessment. The results show that, for one of the digested TiO<sub>2</sub> NMs studied (NM-105), a more pronounced toxicity occurs after exposure of HT29-MTX-E12 intestinal cells, as compared to undigested NM, concomitantly with subtle changes in characteristics of the NM. Thus, the inclusion of the digestion simulation in the safety evaluation of ingested NMs through in vitro bioassays can better integrate the modifications that NMs suffer in the organism. It is expected that such an approach will reduce uncertainties in the hazard assessment of ingested NMs for human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:00:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f988bcf4e1f45dc90f497ab84d8ef4b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:00:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f988bcf4e1f45dc90f497ab84d8ef4b2023-11-20T08:52:00ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-08-01108151610.3390/nano10081516Analysis of the Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Following Simulated In Vitro DigestionAna Bettencourt0Lídia M. Gonçalves1Ana C. Gramacho2Adriana Vieira3Dora Rolo4Carla Martins5Ricardo Assunção6Paula Alvito7Maria João Silva8Henriqueta Louro9Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalResearch Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalFood and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalFood and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalFood and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, PortugalSeveral metallic nanomaterials (NMs), such as titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO<sub>2</sub>), present beneficial properties with a broad range of innovative applications. The human population is exposed to TiO<sub>2</sub>, particularly by ingestion, due to its increasing use as a food additive and inclusion in dietary supplements and food packaging materials. Whether this oral exposure may lead to adverse local or systemic outcomes has been the subject of research, but studies have generated contradictory results, reflecting differences in the physicochemical properties of the TiO<sub>2</sub> studied, effects of the surrounding matrix, and modifications during digestion. This work aimed to investigate the toxic effects of three different TiO<sub>2</sub> NMs (NM-103, NM-103 and NM-105) on the gastrointestinal tract cells, Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12, after the use of the standardized static INFOGEST 2.0 in vitro digestion method to mimic human digestion of TiO<sub>2</sub>, contributing to hazard assessment. The results show that, for one of the digested TiO<sub>2</sub> NMs studied (NM-105), a more pronounced toxicity occurs after exposure of HT29-MTX-E12 intestinal cells, as compared to undigested NM, concomitantly with subtle changes in characteristics of the NM. Thus, the inclusion of the digestion simulation in the safety evaluation of ingested NMs through in vitro bioassays can better integrate the modifications that NMs suffer in the organism. It is expected that such an approach will reduce uncertainties in the hazard assessment of ingested NMs for human health.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/8/1516nanomaterialsingested titanium dioxidestandardized in vitro digestioncytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Ana Bettencourt Lídia M. Gonçalves Ana C. Gramacho Adriana Vieira Dora Rolo Carla Martins Ricardo Assunção Paula Alvito Maria João Silva Henriqueta Louro Analysis of the Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Following Simulated In Vitro Digestion Nanomaterials nanomaterials ingested titanium dioxide standardized in vitro digestion cytotoxicity |
| title | Analysis of the Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Following Simulated In Vitro Digestion |
| title_full | Analysis of the Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Following Simulated In Vitro Digestion |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Following Simulated In Vitro Digestion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Following Simulated In Vitro Digestion |
| title_short | Analysis of the Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Following Simulated In Vitro Digestion |
| title_sort | analysis of the characteristics and cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanomaterials following simulated in vitro digestion |
| topic | nanomaterials ingested titanium dioxide standardized in vitro digestion cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/8/1516 |
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