Hydro-chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-aquifers of Ganges delta
Abstract Determining the degree of high groundwater arsenic (As) and fluoride (F−) risk is crucial for successful groundwater management and protection of public health, as elevated contamination in groundwater poses a risk to the environment and human health. It is a fact that several non-point sou...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51917-8 |
| _version_ | 1797355766889316352 |
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| author | Asish Saha Subodh Chandra Pal Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Aznarul Islam Edris Alam Md. Kamrul Islam |
| author_facet | Asish Saha Subodh Chandra Pal Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Aznarul Islam Edris Alam Md. Kamrul Islam |
| author_sort | Asish Saha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Determining the degree of high groundwater arsenic (As) and fluoride (F−) risk is crucial for successful groundwater management and protection of public health, as elevated contamination in groundwater poses a risk to the environment and human health. It is a fact that several non-point sources of pollutants contaminate the groundwater of the multi-aquifers of the Ganges delta. This study used logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning algorithm to evaluate groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-layered aquifers of Ganges delta, which is part of the Indo-Bangladesh region. Fifteen hydro-chemical data were used for modelling purposes and sophisticated statistical tests were carried out to check the dataset regarding their dependent relationships. ANN performed best with an AUC of 0.902 in the validation dataset and prepared a groundwater vulnerability map accordingly. The spatial distribution of the vulnerability map indicates that eastern and some isolated south-eastern and central middle portions are very vulnerable in terms of As and F− concentration. The overall prediction demonstrates that 29% of the areal coverage of the Ganges delta is very vulnerable to As and F− contents. Finally, this study discusses major contamination categories, rising security issues, and problems related to groundwater quality globally. Henceforth, groundwater quality monitoring must be significantly improved to successfully detect and reduce hazards to groundwater from past, present, and future contamination. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:15:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-0f9a2106464049bf94f80cd5499e0ec9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:15:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-0f9a2106464049bf94f80cd5499e0ec92024-01-14T12:22:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-0114111510.1038/s41598-024-51917-8Hydro-chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-aquifers of Ganges deltaAsish Saha0Subodh Chandra Pal1Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam2Aznarul Islam3Edris Alam4Md. Kamrul Islam5Department of Geography, The University of BurdwanDepartment of Geography, The University of BurdwanDepartment of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya UniversityDepartment of Geography, Aliah UniversityFaculty of Resilience, Rabdan AcademyDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering, King Faisal UniversityAbstract Determining the degree of high groundwater arsenic (As) and fluoride (F−) risk is crucial for successful groundwater management and protection of public health, as elevated contamination in groundwater poses a risk to the environment and human health. It is a fact that several non-point sources of pollutants contaminate the groundwater of the multi-aquifers of the Ganges delta. This study used logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN) machine learning algorithm to evaluate groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-layered aquifers of Ganges delta, which is part of the Indo-Bangladesh region. Fifteen hydro-chemical data were used for modelling purposes and sophisticated statistical tests were carried out to check the dataset regarding their dependent relationships. ANN performed best with an AUC of 0.902 in the validation dataset and prepared a groundwater vulnerability map accordingly. The spatial distribution of the vulnerability map indicates that eastern and some isolated south-eastern and central middle portions are very vulnerable in terms of As and F− concentration. The overall prediction demonstrates that 29% of the areal coverage of the Ganges delta is very vulnerable to As and F− contents. Finally, this study discusses major contamination categories, rising security issues, and problems related to groundwater quality globally. Henceforth, groundwater quality monitoring must be significantly improved to successfully detect and reduce hazards to groundwater from past, present, and future contamination.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51917-8 |
| spellingShingle | Asish Saha Subodh Chandra Pal Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam Aznarul Islam Edris Alam Md. Kamrul Islam Hydro-chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-aquifers of Ganges delta Scientific Reports |
| title | Hydro-chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-aquifers of Ganges delta |
| title_full | Hydro-chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-aquifers of Ganges delta |
| title_fullStr | Hydro-chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-aquifers of Ganges delta |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydro-chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-aquifers of Ganges delta |
| title_short | Hydro-chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Holocene multi-aquifers of Ganges delta |
| title_sort | hydro chemical based assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the holocene multi aquifers of ganges delta |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51917-8 |
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